Elejalde Edurne, Alonso Rosa María, Villarán María Carmen, Díez-Gutiérrez Lucía, Chávarri María, López-de-Armentia Iratxe
TECNALIA, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Parque Tecnológico de Álava, 01510 Miñano, Álava, Spain.
FARMARTEM Group, Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Biscay, Spain.
Foods. 2025 Jun 25;14(13):2253. doi: 10.3390/foods14132253.
Grapes are a rich source of polyphenols with a positive impact on human health. Polyphenols need to be bioavailable to exert any beneficial effect. However, there is limited knowledge on the bioavailability of polyphenols in grape extracts. The intestinal permeability of nine polyphenols of a red grape skin extract (GSE) was investigated using the Caco-2 cell model that simulates the human intestinal epithelium: three anthocyanins (delphinidin-3--glucoside, petunidin-3--glucoside and malvidin-3--glucoside), three flavonols (quercetin-3-glucoside, kaempferol-3-galactoside and kaempferol-3-glucoside), two hydroxybenzoic acids (gallic acid and syringic acid) and one hydroxycinnamic acid (caftaric acid). Two concentrations of GSE (15 mg/mL and 22 mg/mL) were used. The transport efficiency (TE) through the Caco-2 monolayer was studied. Among anthocyanins, only malvidin-3--glucoside was detected at the basolateral side, which represents the bloodstream, with a TE of 1.08 ± 0.01%. Flavonols resulted in a variety of results depending on the GSE concentration. Among flavonols, kaempferol-3-glucoside showed the highest TE of 130 ± 3%. Gallic acid showed the highest TE among the investigated polyphenols with 188 ± 3%. This study provides data on the intestinal transport of red grape skin extract polyphenols that can be used to explore the underlying mechanisms of the intestinal absorption and the bioactivity of natural grape extracts.
葡萄是多酚的丰富来源，对人体健康有积极影响。多酚需要具有生物利用度才能发挥任何有益作用。然而，关于葡萄提取物中多酚的生物利用度的知识有限。使用模拟人类肠上皮的Caco-2细胞模型研究了红葡萄皮提取物（GSE）中九种多酚的肠道通透性：三种花青素（飞燕草素-3-葡萄糖苷、矮牵牛素-3-葡萄糖苷和锦葵色素-3-葡萄糖苷）、三种黄酮醇（槲皮素-3-葡萄糖苷、山奈酚-3-半乳糖苷和山奈酚-3-葡萄糖苷）、两种羟基苯甲酸（没食子酸和丁香酸）和一种羟基肉桂酸（咖啡酸）。使用了两种浓度的GSE（15mg/mL和22mg/mL）。研究了通过Caco-2单层的转运效率（TE）。在花青素中，仅在代表血流的基底外侧检测到锦葵色素-3-葡萄糖苷，TE为1.08±0.01%。黄酮醇的结果因GSE浓度而异。在黄酮醇中，山奈酚-3-葡萄糖苷的TE最高，为130±3%。没食子酸在所研究的多酚中TE最高，为188±3%。本研究提供了关于红葡萄皮提取物多酚肠道转运的数据，可用于探索天然葡萄提取物肠道吸收的潜在机制和生物活性。
