Jonard Camille, Chandelier Anne, Eylenbosch Damien, Pannecoucque Joke, Godin Bruno, Douny Caroline, Scippo Marie-Louise, Gofflot Sébastien
Walloon Agricultural Research Centre, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium.
Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, 9820 Merelbeke-Melle, Belgium.
Foods. 2025 Jun 28;14(13):2300. doi: 10.3390/foods14132300.
This work proposes an insight into the mycotoxins detected in wheat from the 2023 and 2024 harvests in Belgium and highlights the link between agronomic conditions and mycotoxin contamination. The study utilized samples from a Belgian trial network, covering nine locations in 2023 and eight in 2024, ensuring diverse pedoclimatic contexts and including 11 different varieties. Sowing and harvest dates, previous crops and meteorological data were collected for these locations. A validated UPLC-MS/MS multi-mycotoxin method able to detect 20 mycotoxins, regulated or not, was used. Deoxynivalenol, zearalenone, and enniatins B and B1 were detected in the 2023 and 2024 samples. Enniatin A1 was only detected in the 2024 samples. Mycotoxin contamination was higher in 2024 compared to 2023, in terms of both the number of contaminated samples and the contamination levels. Enniatins B and B1, non-regulated mycotoxins, were widely detected in the 2024 wheat samples, with enniatin B detected in 68 out 88 samples ranging from 12 to 488 µg/kg. Differences between the wheat varieties were observed, with some varieties showing significantly higher contamination. Additionally, geographic location appeared to influence contamination levels, which could be related to previous crops or meteorological events. In conclusion, this research provides a comprehensive analysis of mycotoxin co-contamination in wheat samples from diverse pedoclimatic contexts in Belgium based over 2 years. It shows the importance of weather conditions on mycotoxin contamination. It also emphasizes the importance of variety selection to manage mycotoxin contamination.
这项工作深入研究了2023年和2024年比利时收获的小麦中检测到的霉菌毒素，并强调了农艺条件与霉菌毒素污染之间的联系。该研究利用了比利时试验网络的样本，2023年涵盖9个地点，2024年涵盖8个地点，确保了不同的土壤气候环境，并包括11个不同的品种。收集了这些地点的播种和收获日期、前茬作物和气象数据。使用了一种经过验证的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱多霉菌毒素方法，该方法能够检测20种霉菌毒素，无论其是否受到监管。在2023年和2024年的样本中检测到了脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇、玉米赤霉烯酮以及恩镰孢菌素B和B1。恩镰孢菌素A1仅在2024年的样本中被检测到。就受污染样本的数量和污染水平而言，2024年的霉菌毒素污染高于2023年。恩镰孢菌素B和B1这两种未受监管的霉菌毒素在2024年的小麦样本中被广泛检测到，在88个样本中有68个检测到恩镰孢菌素B，含量在12至488微克/千克之间。观察到小麦品种之间存在差异，一些品种的污染明显更高。此外，地理位置似乎会影响污染水平，这可能与前茬作物或气象事件有关。总之，这项研究对比利时两年内不同土壤气候环境下小麦样本中的霉菌毒素共污染情况进行了全面分析。它显示了天气条件对霉菌毒素污染的重要性。它还强调了选择品种对控制霉菌毒素污染 的重要性。
