Ciastek Barbara, Kapłon Karolina, Domaszewski Przemysław
Institute of Health Sciences, University of Opole, Katowicka 68, 45-060 Opole, Poland.
Nutrients. 2025 Jun 20;17(13):2061. doi: 10.3390/nu17132061.
It is well established that different fasting strategies offer a range of benefits and may even serve as potential therapeutic approaches for metabolic diseases. The biological effects of intermittent fasting (IF) are multidimensional, involving the induction of metabolic switching from glucose to fatty acid and ketone utilization, thereby enhancing fat metabolism and improving glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity. In addition, IF modulates the growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor 1 (GH/IGF-1) axis by lowering IGF-1 levels, a change associated with enhanced cellular protection, reduced tumorigenesis, and delayed aging. Moreover, IF modulates key signaling pathways, including mitogen-activated protein kinases, Notch, and nuclear factor kappa B, which collectively contribute to reduced oxidative stress, attenuated inflammation, and hepatoprotection. Although fasting may present certain challenges, it is essential to be adequately informed about its potential benefits and appropriate preparatory strategies before undertaking various fasting protocols. This review summarizes the current knowledge on various IF protocols and periodic short-term fasting (PSTF) lasting more than 24 h and up to 72 h, highlighting the signaling pathways through which these interventions affect metabolic processes. Additionally, it aims to provide a practical guide for the safe preparation for PSTF lasting more than 24 h and up to 72 h.
众所周知，不同的禁食策略具有一系列益处，甚至可能成为代谢性疾病的潜在治疗方法。间歇性禁食（IF）的生物学效应是多方面的，包括诱导代谢从葡萄糖利用转变为脂肪酸和酮体利用，从而增强脂肪代谢、改善葡萄糖耐量和胰岛素敏感性。此外，IF通过降低IGF-1水平来调节生长激素/胰岛素样生长因子1（GH/IGF-1）轴，这种变化与增强细胞保护、减少肿瘤发生和延缓衰老有关。此外，IF调节关键信号通路，包括丝裂原活化蛋白激酶、Notch和核因子κB，这些共同有助于降低氧化应激、减轻炎症和保护肝脏。尽管禁食可能带来某些挑战，但在采用各种禁食方案之前，充分了解其潜在益处和适当的准备策略至关重要。本综述总结了目前关于各种IF方案以及持续超过24小时至72小时的周期性短期禁食（PSTF）的知识，强调了这些干预措施影响代谢过程的信号通路。此外，它旨在为持续超过24小时至72小时的PSTF的安全准备提供实用指南。
