López-Tenorio Itzel Ivonn, Aguilar-Villegas Óscar Rodrigo, Espinoza-Palacios Yoshua, Segura-Real Lorena, Peña-Aparicio Berenice, Amedei Amedeo, Aguirre-García María Magdalena
Unidad de Investigación UNAM-INC, División de Investigación, Facultad de Medicina UNAM, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Cháve, Mexico City 14080, Mexico.
Consulta Externa Endocrinología, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City 14080, Mexico.
Biomedicines. 2024 Nov 5;12(11):2529. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines12112529.
Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. These conditions have numerous health consequences and significantly impact patients' lifestyles. Effective long-term treatment is essential since NCDs are irreversible. Therefore, primary healthcare must be both exclusive and of the highest quality, ensuring comprehensive care. The primary goal should be to improve quality of life with a focus on patients, families, and communities, as most of these diseases can be prevented and controlled, although not cured. Several factors have been linked to individual health, including social, cultural, and economic aspects, lifestyle, and certain environmental factors, including work, that can have positive or negative effects. More of these variables may contribute to the onset of NCDs, which are defined by their chronic nature, propensity for prolongation, and generally slow rate of progression. Examples of NCDs include hypertension, type 2 diabetes (T2D), dyslipidemia, and fatty liver disease linked to metabolic dysfunction. The onset of these diseases has been associated with an imbalance in certain microbial niches, such as the gut, which hosts billions of microorganisms performing multiple metabolic functions, such as the production of metabolites like bile acids (BAs), short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO). Therefore, lifestyle changes and personal habits can significantly impact the gut microbiota (GM), potentially preventing chronic diseases associated with metabolism. NCDs are highly prevalent worldwide, prompting increased attention to strategies for modifying the intestinal microbiota (IM). Approaches such as probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, and fecal transplantation (FMT) have demonstrated improvements in the quality of life for individuals with these conditions. Additionally, lifestyle changes and the adoption of healthy habits can significantly impact IM and may help prevent chronic diseases related to metabolism. Therefore, the main aim of this review is to analyze and understand the importance of microbiota intervention in the prevention of non-communicable diseases. R3:A1.
非传染性疾病（NCDs）是全球发病和死亡的主要原因。这些疾病会引发众多健康问题，并对患者的生活方式产生重大影响。由于非传染性疾病是不可逆的，有效的长期治疗至关重要。因此，初级医疗保健必须既全面又高质量，确保提供综合护理。主要目标应该是提高生活质量，重点关注患者、家庭和社区，因为这些疾病大多可以预防和控制，尽管无法治愈。有几个因素与个人健康相关，包括社会、文化和经济方面、生活方式以及某些环境因素，包括工作，这些因素可能产生正面或负面影响。更多这些变量可能导致非传染性疾病的发生，非传染性疾病的特点是具有慢性性质、易于迁延以及通常进展缓慢。非传染性疾病的例子包括高血压、2型糖尿病（T2D）、血脂异常以及与代谢功能障碍相关的脂肪肝疾病。这些疾病的发生与某些微生物生态位的失衡有关，比如肠道，肠道中存在数十亿执行多种代谢功能的微生物，例如产生胆汁酸（BAs）、短链脂肪酸（SCFAs）和氧化三甲胺（TMAO）等代谢物。因此，生活方式的改变和个人习惯会对肠道微生物群（GM）产生重大影响，有可能预防与代谢相关的慢性病。非传染性疾病在全球高度流行，这促使人们更加关注改变肠道微生物群（IM）的策略。益生菌、益生元、合生元和粪便移植（FMT）等方法已证明可改善患有这些疾病个体的生活质量。此外，生活方式的改变和养成健康习惯会对肠道微生物群产生重大影响，并可能有助于预防与代谢相关的慢性病。因此，本综述的主要目的是分析和理解微生物群干预在预防非传染性疾病中的重要性。R3:A1。
