Marín Ferrandis Andrés Vicente, Broccolo Agnese, Piredda Michela, Micheluzzi Valentina, Sandri Elena
Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Catholic University of Valencia San Vicente Mártir, c/Quevedo, 2, 46001 Valencia, Spain.
Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University, Via Montpellier, 00133 Rome, Italy.
Nutrients. 2025 Jul 4;17(13):2225. doi: 10.3390/nu17132225.
Sleep is a fundamental component of health, and deprivation has been linked to numerous adverse outcomes, including reduced academic and occupational performance, greater risk of accidents, and increased susceptibility to chronic diseases and premature mortality. Dietary and lifestyle behaviors are increasingly recognized as key determinants of sleep quality. Women are particularly susceptible to sleep disturbances due to hormonal fluctuations and psychosocial factors. However, women remain underrepresented in sleep research. This study aims to examine the associations between sleep quality, nutrition, and lifestyle in a large cohort of Spanish women. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 785 women aged 18-64. Participants completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and the NutSo-HH questionnaire on dietary and lifestyle behaviors. Descriptive analyses, correlation matrices, Gaussian Graphical Models, and Principal Component Analyses were used to assess relationships between variables. More than half of the participants rated their sleep quality as good or very good, although over 30% experienced frequent nighttime awakenings. Poor sleep quality was significantly associated with higher alcohol consumption, lower vegetable and white fish intake, and lower levels of physical activity. Diets rich in ultra-processed foods correlated moderately with subjective poor sleep and daytime dysfunction. However, no strong associations were found between stimulant consumption, late meals, or dietary patterns (e.g., Mediterranean diet) and sleep. Self-perceived health emerged as a protective factor, while nocturnal lifestyles were linked to longer sleep latency and fragmented sleep. In adult women, better sleep quality is linked to healthy dietary choices, regular physical activity, and a positive perception of general health. In contrast, alcohol use and irregular lifestyles are associated with poor sleep. Individual variability and cultural adaptation may moderate the impact of some traditionally harmful behaviors. Personalized, multidimensional interventions are recommended for promoting sleep health in women.
睡眠是健康的基本组成部分，睡眠剥夺与众多不良后果相关，包括学业和工作表现下降、事故风险增加以及患慢性病和过早死亡的易感性增加。饮食和生活方式行为越来越被认为是睡眠质量的关键决定因素。由于激素波动和社会心理因素，女性尤其容易受到睡眠障碍的影响。然而，女性在睡眠研究中的代表性仍然不足。本研究旨在探讨一大群西班牙女性的睡眠质量、营养和生活方式之间的关联。对785名年龄在18 - 64岁的女性进行了横断面研究。参与者完成了匹兹堡睡眠质量指数（PSQI）以及关于饮食和生活方式行为的NutSo - HH问卷。使用描述性分析、相关矩阵、高斯图形模型和主成分分析来评估变量之间的关系。超过一半的参与者将她们的睡眠质量评为良好或非常好，尽管超过30%的人经常夜间醒来。睡眠质量差与较高的酒精摄入量、较低的蔬菜和白鱼摄入量以及较低的身体活动水平显著相关。富含超加工食品的饮食与主观睡眠质量差和白天功能障碍呈中度相关。然而，在兴奋剂消费、晚餐过晚或饮食模式（如地中海饮食）与睡眠之间未发现强烈关联。自我感知的健康状况是一个保护因素，而夜间生活方式与更长的入睡潜伏期和碎片化睡眠有关。在成年女性中，更好的睡眠质量与健康的饮食选择、规律体育活动以及对总体健康的积极认知有关。相比之下，饮酒和不规律的生活方式与睡眠质量差有关。个体差异和文化适应可能会减轻一些传统有害行为的影响。建议采取个性化、多维度的干预措施来促进女性的睡眠健康。
