Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences of the Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Alagoas, Campus A. C. Simões, BR 104, km 14, Tabuleiro dos Martins, Maceió, Alagoas, 57072-970, Brazil.
Faculty of Nutrition of the Federal University of Alagoas, Campus A. C. Simões, BR 104, km 14, Tabuleiro dos Martins, Maceió, Alagoas, 57072-970., Brazil.
Int J Equity Health. 2023 Jan 17;22(1):14. doi: 10.1186/s12939-022-01816-z.
The processing of food can cause changes that turn them into risk factors for chronic diseases. A higher degree of food processing is associated with the development of chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs), including the metabolic syndrome (MetS). The objective of this study was to analyze the relationship between ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption and the prevalence of MetS and its risk factors, focusing on a population group especially subjected to precarious living conditions and food insecurity.
Cross-sectional population-based study with women (19 to 59 years) from Quilombola communities of Alagoas. The socioeconomic, demographic, anthropometric, health status, lifestyle, and food intake (24-h recall) variables were analyzed. The dependent variable was the MetS, defined using the harmonization criteria of the Joint Interim Statement, and its components. The foods consumed were categorized according to the Nova Classification, assuming the highest UPF consumption as risk exposure. The measure of association was the prevalence ratio (PR) and respective 95%CI, calculated by Poisson regression with robust variance. We also analyzed the association with the Nova score of UPF consumption.
We investigated 895 women (38.9 ± 11.0 years), of whom 48.3% had MetS. On average, 15.9% of the total energy intake came from UPF. Lower Nova scores were associated with a lower prevalence of diabetes and low HDL. Higher UPF consumption was associated with a 30% higher prevalence of hypertension (PR = 1.30; 95%CI: 1.06-1.61).
The highest UPF consumption was positively associated with the prevalence of hypertension, while a lower Nova score was a protective factor against diabetes and low HDL. UPF consumption in Quilombola communities is important but lower than that observed in the Brazilian population in general. It is suggested that public health programs be implemented to promote healthy eating while valuing the existing eating habits and traditions among the remaining Brazilian Quilombola people.
食物加工会使其转变为慢性病的风险因素。食物加工程度越高，与慢性非传染性疾病（NCDs）的发展，包括代谢综合征（MetS）的发展越相关。本研究的目的是分析超加工食品（UPF）的消费与 MetS 及其危险因素的流行之间的关系，特别关注处于不稳定生活条件和食物不安全的人群。
这是一项基于人群的横断面研究，对象为阿拉戈斯州夸里姆博拉社区的女性（19 至 59 岁）。分析了社会经济、人口统计学、人体测量、健康状况、生活方式和食物摄入（24 小时回顾）变量。因变量是 MetS，采用联合临时声明的协调标准定义，并分析其组成部分。所消耗的食物根据 Nova 分类进行分类，假设最高的 UPF 消耗为风险暴露。关联的度量是患病率比（PR）及其相应的 95%置信区间（CI），通过泊松回归和稳健方差计算。我们还分析了与 UPF 消费的 Nova 评分的关联。
我们调查了 895 名女性（38.9±11.0 岁），其中 48.3%患有 MetS。平均而言，总能量摄入的 15.9%来自 UPF。较低的 Nova 评分与糖尿病和低 HDL 的患病率较低相关。较高的 UPF 消费与高血压的患病率增加 30%相关（PR=1.30；95%CI：1.06-1.61）。
最高的 UPF 消费与高血压的患病率呈正相关，而较低的 Nova 评分是预防糖尿病和低 HDL 的保护因素。夸里姆博拉社区的 UPF 消费很重要，但低于巴西一般人群。建议实施公共卫生计划，在重视巴西剩余夸里姆博拉人现有饮食习惯和传统的同时，促进健康饮食。
