Wanjohi Milkah N, Asiki Gershim, Wilunda Calistus, Holdsworth Michelle, Pradeilles Rebecca, Paulo Linda Simon, Langat Nelson, Amugsi Dickson A, Kimenju Simon, Kimani-Murage Elizabeth W, Klipstein-Grobusch Kerstin
Julius Global Health, Department of Global Public Health and Bioethics, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.
African Population and Health Research Center (APHRC), Nairobi, Kenya.
Int J Public Health. 2025 Mar 5;69:1607891. doi: 10.3389/ijph.2024.1607891. eCollection 2024.
To assess the caloric contribution of ultra-processed foods (UPFs), factors associated with UPFs energy intake and investigate the relationship between UPFs energy intake, diet quality and nutrient intake among adolescents in urban slums, Kenya.
A cross-sectional household study amongst adolescents (10-19 years, N = 621) collected socio-demographic and dietary intake data. Global Diet Quality Score (GDQS); mean and percentage total energy intake (%TEI) from UPFs; and nutrient intakes were computed. Regression analysis assessed the factors associated with UPFs energy intake, and the association between %TEI from UPFs and diet quality.
Mean daily energy intake was 1,604 kcal (±550), 25.2% from UPFs. Higher leisure screen time (≥2 h/day) [OR = 1.9 (1.2-3.1)] was associated with UPFs energy intake. Household wealth index (quintile five vs. one) [OR = 2.6 (1.3-6.0)] was associated with non-UPFs energy intake. UPFs (%TEI) was inversely associated with GDQS score (quartile four vs. one) [β = -2.9 (-3.4 to -2.1)]. Adolescents with higher %TEI from UPFs (quartile four) had highest total energy, total fat and saturated fat; and lowest protein, fibre, iron, calcium and zinc intake.
UPFs contribute substantially to adolescents' energy intake and are linked to poor diet quality and nutrient intake.
评估超加工食品（UPF）的热量贡献、与UPF能量摄入相关的因素，并调查肯尼亚城市贫民窟青少年中UPF能量摄入、饮食质量和营养摄入之间的关系。
对青少年（10 - 19岁，N = 621）进行的一项横断面家庭研究收集了社会人口统计学和饮食摄入数据。计算全球饮食质量评分（GDQS）、UPF的平均能量摄入量和总能量摄入量百分比（%TEI）以及营养摄入量。回归分析评估与UPF能量摄入相关的因素，以及UPF的%TEI与饮食质量之间的关联。
平均每日能量摄入量为1604千卡（±550），其中25.2%来自UPF。较高的休闲屏幕时间（≥2小时/天）[比值比（OR）= 1.9（1.2 - 3.1）]与UPF能量摄入相关。家庭财富指数（五分位数五与一相比）[OR = 2.6（1.3 - 6.0）]与非UPF能量摄入相关。UPF（%TEI）与GDQS评分呈负相关（四分位数四与一相比）[β = -2.9（-3.4至-2.1）]。来自UPF的%TEI较高（四分位数四）的青少年总能量、总脂肪和饱和脂肪摄入量最高；而蛋白质、纤维、铁、钙和锌摄入量最低。
UPF对青少年的能量摄入有很大贡献，并与不良的饮食质量和营养摄入有关。
