Gladysheva Evgenia K
Bioconversion Laboratory, Institute for Problems of Chemical and Energetic Technologies, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IPCET SB RAS), 659322 Biysk, Russia.
Polymers (Basel). 2025 Jun 27;17(13):1783. doi: 10.3390/polym17131783.
Cellulosic raw materials are the most common source of carbon on Earth and are in great demand for the production of high-value-added products. Cellulosic feedstocks represent a strong matrix consisting of cellulose, lignin, and hemicelluloses. The efficient transformation of cellulosic raw materials into fermentable sugars requires the use of effective pretreatment strategies. The methods employed for pretreatment should be efficient, have low operating costs, and exhibit lower environmental impact. The present review describes pretreatment methods like liquid hot water (LHW) and steam explosion (SE) and highlights peculiar features, benefits and disadvantages of these processes. The effectiveness of these pretreatment methods and their effect on cellulosic raw materials strongly depends on the type of feedstock (component composition), pretreatment method, and pretreatment conditions (pressure, temperature, time, etc.). The LHW pretreatment requires neither addition of chemicals and catalysts nor grinding stage, but requires high energy inputs. The SE pretreatment is regarded as environmentally friendly and requires lower energy inputs, but contributes to the formation of toxic compounds. The life cycle assessment approach demonstrated that the SE pretreatment outperforms dilute acid pretreatment methods and allows the reduction of energy inputs, thereby improving the environmental performance of the process, while the LHW method improves long-term energy security and creates a greener future.
纤维素原料是地球上最常见的碳源，对生产高附加值产品有巨大需求。纤维素原料是一种由纤维素、木质素和半纤维素组成的坚固基质。将纤维素原料高效转化为可发酵糖需要采用有效的预处理策略。用于预处理的方法应高效、运营成本低且对环境影响较小。本综述描述了诸如液态热水（LHW）和蒸汽爆破（SE）等预处理方法，并突出了这些工艺的独特特征、优点和缺点。这些预处理方法的有效性及其对纤维素原料的影响在很大程度上取决于原料类型（成分组成）、预处理方法和预处理条件（压力、温度、时间等）。液态热水预处理既不需要添加化学物质和催化剂，也不需要研磨阶段，但需要高能量输入。蒸汽爆破预处理被认为是环境友好型的，且需要较低的能量输入，但会导致有毒化合物的形成。生命周期评估方法表明，蒸汽爆破预处理优于稀酸预处理方法，并能减少能量输入，从而改善该工艺的环境性能，而液态热水方法则提高了长期能源安全性并创造了更绿色的未来。
