Escobar Estephanie Laura Nottar, da Silva Thiago Alessandre, Pirich Cleverton Luiz, Corazza Marcos Lúcio, Pereira Ramos Luiz
Applied Kinetics and Thermodynamics Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil.
Department of Chemistry, Research Center in Applied Chemistry, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil.
Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2020 Apr 23;8:252. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00252. eCollection 2020.
Lignocellulosic biomasses are primarily composed of cellulose, hemicelluloses and lignin and these biopolymers are bonded together in a heterogeneous matrix that is highly recalcitrant to chemical or biological conversion processes. Thus, an efficient pretreatment technique must be selected and applied to this type of biomass in order to facilitate its utilization in biorefineries. Classical pretreatment methods tend to operate under severe conditions, leading to sugar losses by dehydration and to the release of inhibitory compounds such as furfural (2-furaldehyde), 5-hydroxy-2-methylfurfural (5-HMF), and organic acids. By contrast, supercritical fluids can pretreat lignocellulosic materials under relatively mild pretreatment conditions, resulting in high sugar yields, low production of fermentation inhibitors and high susceptibilities to enzymatic hydrolysis while reducing the consumption of chemicals, including solvents, reagents, and catalysts. This work presents a review of biomass pretreatment technologies, aiming to deliver a state-of-art compilation of methods and results with emphasis on supercritical processes.
木质纤维素生物质主要由纤维素、半纤维素和木质素组成，这些生物聚合物在一种高度抗化学或生物转化过程的异质基质中结合在一起。因此，必须选择并应用一种有效的预处理技术来处理这类生物质，以便于其在生物精炼厂中的利用。传统的预处理方法往往在苛刻的条件下进行，导致糖因脱水而损失，并释放出抑制性化合物，如糠醛（2-呋喃甲醛）、5-羟甲基糠醛（5-HMF）和有机酸。相比之下，超临界流体可以在相对温和的预处理条件下对木质纤维素材料进行预处理，从而实现高糖产率、低发酵抑制剂产量以及对酶水解的高敏感性，同时减少包括溶剂、试剂和催化剂在内的化学品消耗。本文对生物质预处理技术进行了综述，旨在提供一份关于方法和结果的最新汇编，重点是超临界过程。
