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古巴甘薯（[L.] 拉姆）育种的演变

Evolution of Sweet Potato ( [L.] Lam.) Breeding in Cuba.

作者信息

Morales Alfredo, Ma Peiyong, Jia Zhaodong, Rodríguez Dania, Vargas Iván Javier Pastrana, Ventura Vaniert, Efraín González José, Portal Orelvis, Diaz Federico, Parrado Alvarez Oscar, Cordero Carina, Bian Xiaofeng

机构信息

Institute of Food Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences (JAAS), Nanjing 210095, China.

Research Institute of Tropical Roots and Tuber Crops (INIVIT), Santo Domingo 53000, Cuba.

出版信息

Plants (Basel). 2025 Jun 21;14(13):1911. doi: 10.3390/plants14131911.

DOI:10.3390/plants14131911
PMID:40647920
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12252028/
Abstract

This study analyzed the genetic progress of sweet potato () breeding in Cuba over the past 50 years by field trials comparing traditional and improved varieties. Improved varieties significantly outperformed traditional ones in tuberous root yield, with an accumulated genetic gain of 0.20-0.37 t ha per year, translating to a 256% yield increase. Improved genotypes also exhibited enhanced pest tolerance: lower weevil () infestation and reduced nematode () reproduction rates. For viral diseases, 60% of improved varieties showed incidence rates below 10%, compared with 90% of traditional varieties exceeding this threshold. Under drought conditions, improved varieties showed tolerance, with Stress Susceptibility Indices (SSIs) of less than 0.8, while the traditional varieties were more susceptible (SSI > 1). Phenotypic stability analysis via GGE biplot confirmed the superior yield and adaptability of improved varieties across environments. These advances underscore the critical role of sweet potatoes breeding in Cuba, with improvements in yield, quality and resistance to biotic and abiotic stress, contributing to strengthening climate resilience and food security.

摘要

本研究通过田间试验比较传统品种和改良品种，分析了古巴过去50年甘薯育种的遗传进展。改良品种在块根产量上显著优于传统品种，年累积遗传增益为0.20 - 0.37吨/公顷，产量增长了256%。改良基因型还表现出更强的害虫耐受性：象鼻虫侵染率更低，线虫繁殖率降低。对于病毒性疾病，60%的改良品种发病率低于10%，而90%的传统品种超过了这个阈值。在干旱条件下，改良品种表现出耐受性，胁迫敏感性指数（SSI）小于0.8，而传统品种更易受影响（SSI > 1）。通过GGE双标图进行的表型稳定性分析证实了改良品种在不同环境下具有更高的产量和适应性。这些进展凸显了古巴甘薯育种的关键作用，在产量、品质以及对生物和非生物胁迫的抗性方面都有所改善，有助于增强气候适应能力和粮食安全。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/b50e/12252028/64525f1b8d75/plants-14-01911-g018.jpg
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https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/b50e/12252028/64525f1b8d75/plants-14-01911-g018.jpg
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https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/b50e/12252028/577a9c64bcba/plants-14-01911-g010.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/b50e/12252028/25aef91d4367/plants-14-01911-g011.jpg
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https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/b50e/12252028/a7aefb6069d2/plants-14-01911-g013.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/b50e/12252028/36d5a12dea5e/plants-14-01911-g014.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/b50e/12252028/a7eb592b57fa/plants-14-01911-g015.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/b50e/12252028/2cfc0e5ca356/plants-14-01911-g016.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/b50e/12252028/2282996f2e08/plants-14-01911-g017.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/b50e/12252028/64525f1b8d75/plants-14-01911-g018.jpg

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