Huang Yonghui, Wang Ruoruo, Tan Yumei, Liu Yongxiang, Ren Xiyi, Guo Congtao, Li Rongyu, Li Ming
Guizhou Institute of Biotechnology, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang 550006, China.
Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources and Germplasm Innovation in Karst Region, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guiyang 550006, China.
Plants (Basel). 2025 Jun 30;14(13):2001. doi: 10.3390/plants14132001.
Citral, an organic compound found in lemongrass () oil and essential oil, has been reported to exhibit notable antifungal activity against (), the pathogen of rice blast, which causes significant economic losses in rice production. However, the role of citral in inducing oxidative stress related to antifungal ability and its underlying regulatory networks in remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the oxidative effects of citral on and conducted transcriptomic and widely targeted metabolomic (WTM) analyses on the mycelia. The results showed that citral induced superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activities but reduced glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity with 25% maximal effective concentration (EC) and 75% maximal effective concentration (EC). Importantly, citral at EC reduced the activities of mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I, complex III and ATP content, while increasing the activity of mitochondrial respiratory chain complex II. In addition, citral triggered a burst of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and a loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) through the observation of fluorescence. Furthermore, RNA-seq analysis and metabolomics analysis identified a total of 466 differentially expression genes (DEGs) and 32 differential metabolites (DAMs) after the mycelia were treated with citral. The following multi-omics analysis revealed that the metabolic pathways centered on AsA, GSH and melatonin were obviously suppressed by citral, indicating a disrupted redox equilibrium in the cell. These findings provide further evidences supporting the antifungal activity of citral and offer new insights into the response of under oxidative stress induced by citral.
柠檬醛是一种存在于柠檬草油和香茅油中的有机化合物，据报道，它对稻瘟病菌（Magnaporthe oryzae）具有显著的抗真菌活性，稻瘟病菌会给水稻生产造成重大经济损失。然而，柠檬醛在诱导与抗真菌能力相关的氧化应激中的作用及其在稻瘟病菌中的潜在调控网络仍不清楚。在本研究中，我们研究了柠檬醛对稻瘟病菌的氧化作用，并对菌丝体进行了转录组学和广泛靶向代谢组学（WTM）分析。结果表明，柠檬醛在25%最大有效浓度（EC）和75%最大有效浓度（EC）下可诱导超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶（APX）的活性，但会降低谷胱甘肽S-转移酶（GST）的活性。重要的是，EC浓度的柠檬醛降低了线粒体呼吸链复合体I、复合体III的活性以及ATP含量，同时增加了线粒体呼吸链复合体II的活性。此外，通过荧光观察发现，柠檬醛引发了活性氧（ROS）的爆发和线粒体膜电位（MMP）的丧失。此外，RNA测序分析和代谢组学分析表明，用柠檬醛处理菌丝体后，共鉴定出466个差异表达基因（DEG）和32种差异代谢物（DAM）。接下来的多组学分析表明，以抗坏血酸（AsA）、谷胱甘肽（GSH）和褪黑素为中心的代谢途径受到柠檬醛的明显抑制，这表明细胞内的氧化还原平衡被破坏。这些发现为支持柠檬醛的抗真菌活性提供了进一步的证据，并为稻瘟病菌在柠檬醛诱导的氧化应激下的反应提供了新的见解。
