Gu Yuancong, Lv Bangyu, Nian Xingrui, Xie Xinrui, Yang Xinhe
College of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Ocean University, Yangjiang 529500, China.
Plants (Basel). 2025 Jul 3;14(13):2041. doi: 10.3390/plants14132041.
This study employed cellulase-assisted hydrodistillation (cellulase-HD) to extract volatile oils from (Lour.) Škorničk. & A.D.Poulsen leaves, with process optimization conducted via the response surface methodology (RSM). The optimized extraction parameters were as follows: enzyme dosage 2.2%, enzymatic hydrolysis temperature 49 °C, hydrolysis duration 73 min, and material/liquid ratio (1:10.7 mg/mL). Under these optimal conditions, the volatile oil yield reached 0.772%, representing a 31.29% increase compared to conventional hydrodistillation (HD). GC-MS analysis identified 54 and 49 volatile compounds in cellulase-HD and HD extracts, respectively, with 39 shared components. The cellulase-HD extract was predominantly composed of γ-terpinene (14.981%), limonene (13.352%), β-phellandrene (10.634%), 4-terpineol (10.145%), and α-terpineol (8.085%). In contrast, the HD extract showed higher contents of β-phellandrene (41.881%), followed by β-myrcene (8.656%) and limonene (8.444%). Notably, cellulase pretreatment significantly increased the yield of oxygenated compounds. Orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) revealed substantial compositional differences between the two extraction methods, with key differential components including fenchol, borneol, and γ-elemene. Antioxidant activity assessment demonstrated superior free radical scavenging capacity in cellulase-HD extracts. Structure-activity relationship analysis identified seven compounds with DPPH radical scavenging rates >50%, particularly, epi-bicyclosesquiphellandrene (71.51%) and γ-elemene (78.91%). Furthermore, thirteen components, including isopinocamphone (66.58%) and α-terpineol (66.95%), exhibited ABTS radical scavenging rates above 50%. This study provides theoretical and technical foundations for the extraction and functional development of volatile oils from leaves.
本研究采用纤维素酶辅助水蒸馏法（cellulase-HD）从（Lour.）Škorničk. & A.D.Poulsen叶中提取挥发油，并通过响应面法（RSM）对工艺进行优化。优化后的提取参数如下：酶用量2.2%、酶解温度49℃、水解时间73分钟、料液比（1:10.7毫克/毫升）。在这些最佳条件下，挥发油得率达到0.772%，比传统水蒸馏法（HD）提高了31.29%。气相色谱-质谱联用（GC-MS）分析分别在cellulase-HD提取物和HD提取物中鉴定出54种和49种挥发性化合物，其中有39种共有成分。cellulase-HD提取物主要由γ-松油烯（14.981%）、柠檬烯（13.352%）、β-水芹烯（10.634%）、4-松油醇（10.145%）和α-松油醇（8.085%）组成。相比之下，HD提取物中β-水芹烯含量较高（41.881%），其次是β-月桂烯（8.656%）和柠檬烯（8.444%）。值得注意的是，纤维素酶预处理显著提高了含氧化合物的得率。正交偏最小二乘法判别分析（OPLS-DA）显示两种提取方法在成分上有显著差异，关键差异成分包括小茴香醇、冰片和γ-榄香烯。抗氧化活性评估表明，cellulase-HD提取物具有更强的自由基清除能力。构效关系分析确定了7种二苯基苦味酰基自由基（DPPH）清除率>50%的化合物，特别是表双环倍半水芹烯（71.51%）和γ-榄香烯（78.91%）。此外，包括异松樟酮（66.58%）和α-松油醇（66.95%）在内的13种成分的2,2'-联氮-双-3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸（ABTS）自由基清除率高于50%。本研究为从（Lour.）Škorničk. & A.D.Poulsen叶中提取挥发油及其功能开发提供了理论和技术基础。
