Wu Hailong, Liu Shaoqing, Xu Zhanghou, Ji Zhenshan, Qian Mengpeng, Yuan Xiaolin, Wang Yong
School of Computer Science and Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China.
Hefei Institute of Physical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China.
Sensors (Basel). 2025 Jun 27;25(13):4002. doi: 10.3390/s25134002.
As an indispensable piece of production equipment in the industrial field, wire rope is directly related to personnel safety and the normal operation of equipment. Therefore, it is necessary to perform broken wire detection. Deep learning has powerful feature-learning capabilities and is characterized by high accuracy and efficiency, and the YOLOv8 object detection model has been adopted to detect wire breaks in electromagnetic signal images of wire rope, achieving better results. Nevertheless, the black box problem of the model brings a new trust challenge, and it is difficult to determine the correctness of the model's decision and whether it has any potential problems, so an interpretability study needed to be carried out. In this work, a perturbation-based interpretability method-ESTC (Eliminating Splicing and Truncation Compensation)-is proposed, which distinguishes itself from other methods of the same type by targeting the signaling object instead of the ordinary object. ESTC is compared with other model-agnostic interpretable methods, LIME, RISE, and D-RISE, using the same model on the same test set. The results indicate that our proposed method is objectively superior to the others, and the interpretability analysis shows that the model predicts in a way that is consistent with the priori knowledge of the manual rope inspection. This not only increases the credibility of using the object detection model for broken wire detection but also has important implications for the practical application of using object detection model to detect wire breaks.
钢丝绳作为工业领域不可或缺的生产设备,直接关系到人员安全和设备的正常运行。因此,有必要进行断丝检测。深度学习具有强大的特征学习能力,具有高精度和高效率的特点,采用YOLOv8目标检测模型对钢丝绳电磁信号图像中的断丝进行检测,取得了较好的效果。然而,模型的黑箱问题带来了新的信任挑战,难以确定模型决策的正确性及其是否存在潜在问题,因此需要开展可解释性研究。在这项工作中,提出了一种基于扰动的可解释性方法——ESTC(消除拼接和截断补偿),该方法通过针对信号目标而非普通目标,与其他同类方法区分开来。使用相同模型在同一测试集上,将ESTC与其他模型无关的可解释方法LIME、RISE和D-RISE进行比较。结果表明,我们提出的方法在客观上优于其他方法,可解释性分析表明,该模型的预测方式与人工绳检的先验知识一致。这不仅提高了使用目标检测模型进行断丝检测的可信度,而且对使用目标检测模型检测断丝的实际应用具有重要意义。