Xi Haolan, Gong Yiqing
Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212002, China.
Zhenjiang Kangfu Eye Hospital, Zhenjiang 212002, China.
Sensors (Basel). 2025 Jul 7;25(13):4236. doi: 10.3390/s25134236.
This review explores optical technologies for non-invasive glucose monitoring (NIGM) using aqueous humor (AH) as media, addressing the limitations of traditional invasive methods in diabetes management. It analyzes key techniques such as Raman spectroscopy, polarimetry, and mid- and near-infrared spectral methods, highlighting their respective challenges, alongside emerging hybrid approaches like photoacoustic spectroscopy and optical coherence tomography. Crucially, the practical realization of these optical methods for portable NIGM hinges on advanced instrumentation. Therefore, this review also details progress in compact NIR spectrometers. While conventional systems often lack suitability, significant advancements in on-chip technologies-including miniaturized dispersive spectrometers and various on-chip Fourier transform systems (e.g., spatial heterodyne, stationary wave integral, and temporally modulated FT systems)-utilizing integration platforms like SOI and SiN are promising. Such innovations offer the potential for high spectral resolution, large bandwidth, and miniaturization, which are essential for developing practical AH-based NIGM systems to improve diabetes care.
本综述探讨了以房水（AH）为介质的用于无创血糖监测（NIGM）的光学技术，阐述了传统侵入性方法在糖尿病管理中的局限性。它分析了拉曼光谱、偏振测定法以及中红外和近红外光谱方法等关键技术，突出了它们各自面临的挑战，同时也介绍了光声光谱和光学相干断层扫描等新兴的混合方法。至关重要的是，这些用于便携式NIGM的光学方法的实际应用依赖于先进的仪器设备。因此，本综述还详细介绍了紧凑型近红外光谱仪的进展。虽然传统系统往往适用性不足，但利用诸如绝缘体上硅（SOI）和氮化硅（SiN）等集成平台的片上技术（包括小型化色散光谱仪和各种片上傅里叶变换系统，如空间外差、驻波积分和时间调制傅里叶变换系统）取得的重大进展很有前景。此类创新为实现高光谱分辨率、大带宽和小型化提供了可能，而这些对于开发实用的基于房水的NIGM系统以改善糖尿病护理至关重要。
