Di Gioia Giuseppe, Ferrera Armando, Maestrini Viviana, Monosilio Sara, Squeo Maria Rosaria, Lemme Erika, Nenna Antonio, Calaciura Clarich Sofia, Crotta Simone, Pelliccia Antonio
Institute of Sports Medicine and Science, National Italian Olympic Committee, Largo Piero Gabrielli, 1, 00197 Rome, Italy.
Clinical and Molecular Medicine Department, Sapienza University of Rome, 00198 Rome, Italy.
J Clin Med. 2024 Jun 5;13(11):3336. doi: 10.3390/jcm13113336.
According to the ESC guidelines, sport disciplines are classified in relation to the predominant component (skill, power, mixed and endurance), including a wide range of disciplines with different isometric/isotonic exercises and exercise-induced heart remodeling. The aim of our study was to evaluate differences in morpho-functional cardiac adaptations in power athletes, comparing judokas with weightlifters. We enrolled 55 Olympic athletes (38 judokas, 17 weightlifters), aged 24.5 ± 3.8 years, 25 (45.4%) of whom were males, and they underwent a pre-participation evaluation, including a physical examination, ECG, transthoracic echocardiogram, and exercise stress test. The judokas presented significant differences in cardiac adaptations, with larger left ventricle (LV) end-diastolic and end-systolic volumes indexed (LVEDVi, = 0.002 and LVESVi, = 0.004) and higher LVMass values indexed ( = 0.033), but similar LV wall thicknesses ( = 0.093) and LV ejection fractions ( = 0.981). Also, the left atrium (LA) dimension ( = 0.0002) and volume indexed ( < 0.0001) were higher in the judokas, as were the larger right ventricle (RV) areas. Finally, the judokas showed higher VOmax ( = 0.012), O pulse ( = 0.007), VE/O2 LT1 ( = 0.041) and VE/O2 LT2 ( = 0.036) values, with a lower resting heart rate ( = 0.031) and higher exercise capacity ( = 0.011). The judokas showed substantial differences in cardiac morpho-functional adaptations from the weightlifters, and, accordingly, judo should be more properly considered not a pure strength sport but more similar to mixed disciplines of the ESC classification.
根据欧洲心脏病学会（ESC）指南，运动项目根据其主要组成部分（技能、力量、混合和耐力）进行分类，包括各种不同的等长/等张运动以及运动引起的心脏重塑。我们研究的目的是评估力量型运动员心脏形态功能适应性的差异，比较柔道运动员和举重运动员。我们招募了55名奥运选手（38名柔道运动员，17名举重运动员），年龄为24.5±3.8岁，其中25名（45.4%）为男性，他们接受了参赛前评估，包括体格检查、心电图、经胸超声心动图和运动压力测试。柔道运动员在心脏适应性方面表现出显著差异，左心室（LV）舒张末期和收缩末期容积指数更大（LVEDVi，=0.002和LVESVi，=0.004），左心室质量指数更高（=0.033），但左心室壁厚度相似（=0.093），左心室射血分数也相似（=0.981）。此外，柔道运动员的左心房（LA）尺寸（=0.0002）和容积指数（<0.0001）更高，右心室（RV）面积也更大。最后，柔道运动员的最大摄氧量（VOmax，=0.012）、氧脉搏（O pulse，=0.007）、无氧阈1时的每分通气量/摄氧量（VE/O2 LT1，=0.041）和无氧阈2时的每分通气量/摄氧量（VE/O2 LT2，=0.036）值更高，静息心率更低（=0.031），运动能力更高（=0.011）。柔道运动员与举重运动员在心脏形态功能适应性方面存在显著差异，因此，柔道应更恰当地被视为并非纯粹的力量型运动，而更类似于ESC分类中的混合项目。
