Sutowski Paweł, Zieliński Bartosz, Nadolny Krzysztof
Faculty of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Department of Production Engineering, Koszalin University of Technology, Raclawicka 15-17, 75-620 Koszalin, Poland.
Espersen Poland Ltd., BoWiD 15 Str., 75-671 Koszalin, Poland.
Materials (Basel). 2025 Jul 6;18(13):3191. doi: 10.3390/ma18133191.
Users of technical blades expect new generations of tools to feature reduced power requirements for process and maximized tool life. The second aspect is reflected in the reduction in costs associated with the purchase of tools and in the reduction in process line downtime due to tool replacement. Meeting these demands is particularly challenging in cutting operations involving heterogeneous materials, especially when the processed raw material contains inclusions and impurities significantly harder than the material itself. This situation occurs, among others, during flatfish skinning operations analyzed in this paper, a common process in the fish processing industry. These fish, due to their natural living environment and behavior, contain a significant proportion of hard inclusions and impurities (shell fragments, sand grains) embedded in their skin. Contact between the tool and hard inclusions causes deformation, wrapping, crushing, and even chipping of the cutting edge of planar knives, resulting in non-uniform blade wear, which manifests as areas of uncut skin on the fish fillet. This necessitates frequent tool changes, resulting in higher tooling costs and longer operating times. This study provides a unique opportunity to review the results of in-service pre-implementation tests of planar knives in the skinning operation conducted under industrial conditions. The main objective was to verify positive laboratory research results regarding the extension of technical blade tool life through optimization of sharpening conditions during grinding. Durability test results are presented for the skinning process of fillets from plaice () and flounder (). The study also examined the effect of varying cooling and lubrication conditions in the grinding zone on the tool life of technical planar blades. Sharpening knives under flood cooling conditions and using the hybrid method (combining minimum quantity lubrication and cold compressed air) increased their service life in the plaice skinning process () by 12.39% and 8.85%, respectively. The increase in effective working time of knives during flounder () skinning was even greater, reaching 17.7% and 16.3% for the flood cooling and hybrid methods, respectively.
技术刀片的用户期望新一代工具在加工过程中降低功率需求，并最大限度地延长刀具寿命。第二个方面体现在与刀具采购相关的成本降低以及因刀具更换导致的生产线停机时间减少。在涉及异质材料的切割操作中，满足这些需求尤其具有挑战性，特别是当加工的原材料包含比材料本身硬得多的夹杂物和杂质时。这种情况尤其发生在本文分析的比目鱼去皮操作中，这是鱼类加工行业中的常见工艺。这些鱼由于其天然的生活环境和行为，其皮肤中含有大量嵌入的硬夹杂物和杂质（贝壳碎片、沙粒）。刀具与硬夹杂物之间的接触会导致平面刀具的切削刃变形、缠绕、挤压甚至崩刃，从而导致刀片磨损不均匀，表现为鱼片上有未切割的皮肤区域。这就需要频繁更换刀具，从而导致更高的刀具成本和更长的操作时间。本研究提供了一个独特的机会来回顾在工业条件下进行的去皮操作中平面刀具的使用前实施测试结果。主要目的是验证关于通过优化磨削时的刃磨条件来延长技术刀片刀具寿命的实验室积极研究结果。给出了鲽鱼（）和比目鱼（）鱼片去皮过程的耐久性测试结果。该研究还考察了磨削区不同冷却和润滑条件对技术平面刀片刀具寿命的影响。在淹没冷却条件下刃磨刀具并使用混合方法（结合微量润滑和冷压缩空气），在鲽鱼去皮过程中（），刀具的使用寿命分别提高了12.39%和8.85%。在比目鱼（）去皮过程中，刀具有效工作时间的增加甚至更大，淹没冷却和混合方法分别达到17.7%和16.3%。
