癌症中的HCAR3与犬尿氨酸：一条有前景的免疫代谢调控轴还是科学幻想？

HCAR3 and Kynurenic Acid in Cancer: A Promising Axis of Immunometabolic Regulation or a Scientific Mirage?

作者信息

Walczak Katarzyna, Krasowska Dorota

机构信息

Laboratory for Immunology of Skin Diseases, Chair and Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Paediatric Dermatology, Medical University of Lublin, Radziwillowska 11, 20-080 Lublin, Poland.

Chair and Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Paediatric Dermatology, Medical University of Lublin, Staszica 11, 20-081 Lublin, Poland.

出版信息

Int J Mol Sci. 2025 Jun 28;26(13):6269. doi: 10.3390/ijms26136269.

DOI:10.3390/ijms26136269

PMID:40650047

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12249949/

Abstract

The hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor (HCAR) family belongs to G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) implicated in a diverse array of physiological and pathological mechanisms. Kynurenic acid, a metabolite of the tryptophan catabolic pathway, has been proposed as a putative ligand of HCAR3. This receptor, among other HCARs, has garnered particular attention due to its exclusive expression in humans and closely related primates, and its emerging role in immunometabolic regulation. This review focuses on the potential role of HCAR3 in cancer initiation, progression, and metastasis. Moreover, it presents a comprehensive analysis of the potential functional and molecular interactions between kynurenic acid and HCAR3 in the context of cancer pathophysiology, which may have significant implications for tumor immunomodulation and the development of new therapeutic strategies.

摘要

羟基羧酸受体（HCAR）家族属于G蛋白偶联受体（GPCR），涉及多种生理和病理机制。犬尿氨酸是色氨酸分解代谢途径的一种代谢产物，已被认为是HCAR3的一种假定配体。该受体与其他HCARs相比，因其在人类和密切相关的灵长类动物中的特异性表达以及在免疫代谢调节中的新作用而备受关注。本综述重点关注HCAR3在癌症发生、发展和转移中的潜在作用。此外，本文还全面分析了在癌症病理生理学背景下犬尿氨酸与HCAR3之间潜在的功能和分子相互作用，这可能对肿瘤免疫调节和新治疗策略的开发具有重要意义。