Waiwut Pornthip, Takomthong Pitchayakarn, Anorach Rutchayaporn, Lomaboot Nattareeyada, Daodee Supawadee, Chulikhit Yaowared, Monthakantirat Orawan, Khamphukdee Charinya, Boonyarat Chantana
Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ubon Ratchathani University, Ubon Ratchathani 34190, Thailand.
Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
Int J Mol Sci. 2025 Jun 29;26(13):6287. doi: 10.3390/ijms26136287.
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex neurodegenerative disorder characterized by multifactorial pathogenesis, including oxidative stress, cholinergic dysfunction, β-amyloid (Aβ) aggregation, and neuroinflammation. In this study, we investigated the neuroprotective potential of the Pheka capsule (PC) formula, a traditional Thai polyherbal medicine comprising (OI), (ZO), and (BR). Phytochemical analysis by HPLC confirmed the presence of key bioactive compounds including baicalein, baicalin, oroxylin A, 6-gingerol, 6-shogaol, pinocembrin, and pinostrobin. The PC formula exhibited strong antioxidant activity, highly selective butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibition with a selectivity index (SI) of BChE > 20, suppression of Aβ aggregation, and protection against HO-induced neuronal damage in vitro. Network pharmacology analysis identified multiple AD-relevant targets and pathways, including APP, GSK3B, CASP3, GAPDH, PTGS2, and PPARG, implicating the PC formula in modulating oxidative stress, apoptosis, and inflammation. Notably, OI emerged as the primary contributor to the formula's multitargeted actions. These findings support the therapeutic potential of the PC formula as a multitarget agent for AD, aligning with the growing interest in polypharmacological strategies for complex neurodegenerative diseases. Further in vivo and clinical studies are warranted to confirm its efficacy and safety.
阿尔茨海默病（AD）是一种复杂的神经退行性疾病，其发病机制具有多因素性，包括氧化应激、胆碱能功能障碍、β-淀粉样蛋白（Aβ）聚集和神经炎症。在本研究中，我们调查了Pheka胶囊（PC）配方的神经保护潜力，该配方是一种传统的泰国多草药药物，由（OI）、（ZO）和（BR）组成。通过高效液相色谱法进行的植物化学分析证实了关键生物活性化合物的存在，包括黄芩素、黄芩苷、木犀草素A、6-姜酚、6-姜烯酚、松属素和刺槐素。PC配方表现出强大的抗氧化活性、对丁酰胆碱酯酶（BChE）的高度选择性抑制，选择性指数（SI）为BChE>20、抑制Aβ聚集以及在体外对过氧化氢（HO）诱导的神经元损伤具有保护作用。网络药理学分析确定了多个与AD相关的靶点和途径，包括APP、GSK3B、CASP3、GAPDH、PTGS2和PPARG，表明PC配方在调节氧化应激、细胞凋亡和炎症方面发挥作用。值得注意地是，OI是该配方多靶点作用的主要贡献者。这些发现支持了PC配方作为AD多靶点药物的治疗潜力，这与对复杂神经退行性疾病多药联合策略的兴趣日益增加相一致。有必要进一步开展体内和临床研究以证实其疗效和安全性。
