Kaguru G, Mutave R, Ayah R, Karimi P, Mugambi C
University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya.
Ministry of Health, Nairobi, Kenya.
JDR Clin Trans Res. 2025 Jul 12:23800844251346768. doi: 10.1177/23800844251346768.
Nurses are key in the delivery of the basic package of oral care in the primary health care system. Whereas oral health care training is essential for apt oral care delivery, the scope and training approaches for the primary health care nurse are not well established. A mentorship approach has rarely been explored for oral health training.
This study aimed to develop a basic package of oral health care training program for primary health care nurses in Kenya. It also evaluated and compared the effects of workshop and mentorship approaches on a basic package of oral care training outcomes.
The Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation and Evaluation (ADDIE) instructional model was used to develop the training program. This used a scoping review approach to inform the design and development stages of the training. Implementation followed a quasi-experimental design to deliver a 1-y postworkshop mentorship program (experiment) against a workshop-only (control) group. The Kirkpatrick framework was used for evaluation.
A training program with 7 learning areas and 37 subtopics covering nurses' basic package of oral care tasks was developed and evaluated. Summative analysis included 67 nurses (experiment, = 33; control, = 34) and 1,128 parents (experiment, = 570; control, = 558). Improvement was noted in nurses' overall knowledge (47.9% to 64.7%), confidence (77.3% to 92.2%), and oral health care services delivery (0.3% to 35.8%). Overall parental child oral health practices improved from 31.3% to 44.4%. The experiment group exhibited significantly higher scores for confidence, oral health care services delivery, and parental child oral health practices. Longitudinal decay in knowledge and confidence was lower in the experiment group.
A basic package of oral health care training program for primary health care nurses in Kenya was successfully developed and evaluated. For all outcomes evaluated, the mentorship approach yielded better results than the workshop approach did. These results highlight mentorship as an integral component in a basic package of oral care training.Knowledge Transfer Statement:This study of primary health care nurses in Kenya provides insights to inform oral health and primary health care policy makers about oral health education, oral urgent treatment, referral, and oral health service documentation training requirements. It shows how planning and prioritization for in-service oral health training sessions could be maximized with limited resources. It also demonstrates the benefit of a mentorship training approach over a workshop-only approach to ensure optimal outcomes of oral health indicators.
护士在初级卫生保健系统中提供基本口腔护理服务方面起着关键作用。虽然口腔保健培训对于提供恰当的口腔护理至关重要，但初级卫生保健护士的培训范围和培训方法尚未明确确立。很少有人探索将指导方法用于口腔健康培训。
本研究旨在为肯尼亚的初级卫生保健护士制定一套基本的口腔保健培训方案。它还评估并比较了研讨会和指导方法对基本口腔护理培训成果的影响。
采用分析、设计、开发、实施和评估（ADDIE）教学模型来制定培训方案。这采用了范围审查方法来为培训的设计和开发阶段提供信息。实施遵循准实验设计，为一个为期1年的研讨会后指导方案（实验组）和仅参加研讨会的（对照组）小组提供培训。使用柯克帕特里克框架进行评估。
制定并评估了一个涵盖护士基本口腔护理任务的有7个学习领域和37个子主题的培训方案。总结性分析包括67名护士（实验组，n = 33；对照组，n = 34）和1128名家长（实验组，n = 570；对照组，n = 558）。护士的总体知识（从47.9%提高到64.7%）、信心（从77.3%提高到92.2%）以及口腔保健服务提供情况（从0.3%提高到35.8%）均有改善。家长对儿童口腔健康的总体做法从31.3%提高到44.4%。实验组在信心、口腔保健服务提供以及家长对儿童口腔健康的做法方面得分显著更高。实验组知识和信心的纵向衰退程度较低。
成功地为肯尼亚的初级卫生保健护士制定并评估了一套基本的口腔保健培训方案。对于所有评估的结果，指导方法比研讨会方法产生了更好的效果。这些结果突出了指导作为基本口腔护理培训方案一个组成部分的重要性。
这项针对肯尼亚初级卫生保健护士开展的研究为口腔健康和初级卫生保健政策制定者提供了见解，使其了解口腔健康教育、口腔紧急治疗、转诊以及口腔健康服务记录培训要求。它展示了如何在资源有限的情况下最大限度地规划和优先安排在职口腔健康培训课程。它还证明了指导培训方法相对于仅举办研讨会的方法在确保口腔健康指标达到最佳结果方面的益处。
