Hrezova Eliska, Stefler Denes, Capkova Nadezda, Vaclova Helena, Bobak Martin, Pikhart Hynek
RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/3, D29, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, University College London, London, WC1E 7HB, England.
Eur J Nutr. 2025 Jul 12;64(5):237. doi: 10.1007/s00394-025-03752-4.
The evidence suggests that adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD) may be beneficial in preventing cognitive decline. We aimed to explore this association in a Central European population.
A total of 6,028 men and women from the Czech arm of the HAPIEE study were included in the analysis. Dietary data were collected using a food frequency questionnaire, and MD score (MDS) was calculated based on nine food groups. The MDS (range 0-17 points) was classified into three groups: low (0-7), medium (8-10), high (11-17). Cognitive function was measured using four tests assessing verbal memory and learning, verbal fluency, and attention, mental speed and concentration, and composite score, each of them converted to z-score. The associations between MDS and cognitive function were analyzed using multivariate linear regression in men and women.
There were no significant associations in men. By contrast, women with a dietary score of 8-10 points (B = 0.05, 95% CI: -0.002; 0.097), and those with a score of 11-17 points (B = 0.08, 95% CI: 0.016; 0.140) had a higher composite cognitive score than women in lowest adherence group. Regarding specific domains, women in the highest adherence group had significantly better immediate verbal memory (B = 0.12, 95% CI: 0.031; 0.205) and delayed recall (B = 0.12, 95% CI: 0.027; 0.212), respectively, than those in the lowest adherence group.
Higher adherence to the MDS was associated with better cognitive functioning in verbal memory and composite cognitive score in Czech women. The results suggest that the Mediterranean diet may help to improve cognitive functioning.
有证据表明坚持地中海饮食（MD）可能有助于预防认知能力下降。我们旨在中欧人群中探究这种关联。
HAPIEE研究捷克分支的6028名男性和女性纳入分析。使用食物频率问卷收集饮食数据，并根据九个食物组计算MD得分（MDS）。MDS（范围0 - 17分）分为三组：低（0 - 7）、中（8 - 10）、高（11 - 17）。使用四项测试评估认知功能，分别为言语记忆与学习、言语流畅性、注意力、心理速度与专注力以及综合得分，每项均转换为z分数。使用多变量线性回归分析男性和女性中MDS与认知功能之间的关联。
男性中未发现显著关联。相比之下，饮食得分为8 - 10分的女性（B = 0.05，95%置信区间：-0.002；0.097）以及得分在11 - 17分的女性（B = 0.08，95%置信区间：0.016；0.140）的综合认知得分高于依从性最低组的女性。在特定领域方面，依从性最高组的女性即时言语记忆（B = 0.12，95%置信区间：0.031；0.205）和延迟回忆（B = 0.12，95%置信区间：0.027；0.212）分别显著优于依从性最低组的女性。
在捷克女性中，更高的MDS依从性与更好的言语记忆认知功能和综合认知得分相关。结果表明地中海饮食可能有助于改善认知功能。
