Tchabewu Mbianda Steve Willy, Rizaner Nahit, Isbilen Ovgu
Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Cyprus International University, 99258, Nicosia, Turkey.
Biotechnology Research Center, Cyprus International University Nicosia, 99258 Northern Cyprus Via 10, Mersin , Turkey.
BMC Complement Med Ther. 2025 Jul 12;25(1):261. doi: 10.1186/s12906-025-04992-x.
Breast cancer remains the most commonly diagnosed cancer type among women, with a high mortality rate due to metastasis. Chemotherapy remains very aggressive, with burdensome side effects on the body. Tecoma stans is an ornamental plant widely used to treat many diseases according to its various pharmacological properties. This study aimed to investigate the cytotoxic, antiproliferative, and antimetastatic activities of Tecoma stans leaves & flowers methanolic extract (TSLME &TSFME) on a highly metastatic MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell line.
Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of TSLME and TSFME was carried out to identify present bioactive compounds. TSLME and TSFME were used to assess their cytotoxic (Trypan Blue Exclusion Assay), antiproliferative (MTT Assay), and anti-metastatic activity (Wound Healing Assay) on the triple-negative breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231, along with their impact on the morphology of metastatic cells.
TSLME showed significantly higher cytotoxicity on MDA-MB-231 cancer cells compared to TSFME at 800 µg/mL. On the contrary, at 200 and 100 µg/mL, TSFME exhibited a more robust antiproliferative effect than TSLME. Additionally, TSLME and TSFME exhibited a significant inhibitory effect on the cell motility upon 24 h at 48 h incubations. Moreover, TSLME and TSFME induced apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 cells and altered their morphology at different concentrations (Decrease in the cell surface area, plasma membrane bleb formation, and nuclear condensation). TSLME and TSFME significantly reduced the cell body and field diameter and process thickness of MDA-MB-231 cells at 800 µg/mL (TSLME > TSFME) and at 200 µg/mL (TSFME > TSLME) which can be an indicator of cell cycle arrest as a response to cellular stress or DNA damage. The pharmacological activities demonstrated in this research by TSLME and TSFME can be attributed to numerous bioactive molecules detected through GC-MS analysis with anticancer activities. These compounds may have acted singularly or synergistically in a concentration-dependent manner.
This study revealed the cytotoxic, antiproliferative, and antimetastatic effects of Tecoma stans. Following in-depth in vivo research and clinical trials, Tecoma stans could therefore be used as a promising chemotherapeutic drug against highly metastatic human breast cancer cell lines.
乳腺癌仍然是女性中最常被诊断出的癌症类型，由于转移导致死亡率很高。化疗仍然非常激进，对身体有繁重的副作用。黄钟花是一种观赏植物，根据其多种药理特性被广泛用于治疗多种疾病。本研究旨在调查黄钟花叶和花的甲醇提取物（TSLME和TSFME）对高转移性MDA-MB-231乳腺癌细胞系的细胞毒性、抗增殖和抗转移活性。
对TSLME和TSFME进行气相色谱-质谱（GC-MS）分析，以鉴定存在的生物活性化合物。TSLME和TSFME用于评估它们对三阴性乳腺癌细胞系MDA-MB-231的细胞毒性（台盼蓝排斥试验）、抗增殖（MTT试验）和抗转移活性（伤口愈合试验），以及它们对转移细胞形态的影响。
在800μg/mL时，与TSFME相比，TSLME对MDA-MB-231癌细胞显示出显著更高的细胞毒性。相反，在200和100μg/mL时，TSFME表现出比TSLME更强的抗增殖作用。此外，在孵育24小时和48小时后，TSLME和TSFME对细胞运动性表现出显著的抑制作用。此外，TSLME和TSFME在不同浓度下诱导MDA-MB-231细胞凋亡并改变其形态（细胞表面积减小、质膜泡形成和核浓缩）。在800μg/mL（TSLME＞TSFME）和200μg/mL（TSFME＞TSLME）时，TSLME和TSFME显著降低了MDA-MB-231细胞的细胞体、视野直径和突起厚度，这可能是细胞周期停滞作为对细胞应激或DNA损伤的反应的一个指标。TSLME和TSFME在本研究中显示的药理活性可归因于通过GC-MS分析检测到的具有抗癌活性的众多生物活性分子。这些化合物可能以浓度依赖的方式单独或协同起作用。
本研究揭示了黄钟花的细胞毒性、抗增殖和抗转移作用。因此，在深入的体内研究和临床试验之后，黄钟花有望用作针对高转移性人类乳腺癌细胞系的化疗药物。
