Generation of patient-derived sarcoma organoids for personalized drug screening and precision cancer immunotherapy.

Sarcomas are malignant tumors that display inter- and intra-tumoral heterogeneity. Patient-derived organoids enable the creation of systems that stably recapitulate many aspects of parental tumors in vitro. Thus, the idea of using patient-derived organoids for therapeutic screening and precision medicine is tantalizing. Here, we describe a biobank of soft tissue and bone sarcoma (STBS) organoid lines derived from patient tumor tissues. In total, we established 44 STBS organoid lines, representing eight subtypes of STBS. These STBS organoids faithfully recapitulate the histological features, mutational profiles, gene expression profiles, and cellular diversity of the corresponding tumors. STBS organoids can be used not only for screening chemotherapeutic and target therapeutic drugs, but also for predicting immune responses. Our data demonstrate the potential of STBS organoids for both basic research and for designing personalized sarcoma treatments.