Tseng Chien-Fu, Sung Chia-Chih, Yang Ya-Ting, Chen Fen-Ni, Mine Yuichi, Chiang Yao-Chang, Lin Zih-Chan, Fang Mei-Ling, Chen Hsin-Ming, Kok Sang-Heng, Peng Tzu-Yu
Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
Department of Dentistry, Taoyuan General Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
J Dent Sci. 2025 Jul;20(3):1716-1722. doi: 10.1016/j.jds.2025.03.027. Epub 2025 Apr 4.
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: With advancements in digital technology, fully digital workflow for complete denture fabrication using 3D-printed denture base resin (DBR) has gained increasing clinical acceptance in recent years. However, the surface characteristics, biocompatibility, and biofilm formation of 3D-printed DBR materials remain insufficiently understood. Therefore, in this study, we investigated and analyzed these aspects.
Disk-shaped DBR specimens (Ø 2.5 mm, 3 mm thick) were fabricated using packed (PA), milled (ML), and 3D-printed (3D) processes. All specimens were ground with silicon carbide sandpaper (#600) and ultrasonically cleaned. Surface microtopography and sub-micron roughness were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy, while a goniometer was used to measure contact angles to calculate the surface energy. Human gingival fibroblasts and were cultured on the specimens to assess the cytotoxicity and biofilm formation. Statistical analyses were performed with a significance level set to 0.05.
Microscopic imaging revealed that the 3D group exhibited a more uniformly distributed texture, while it also had the lowest surface roughness (0.85 μm). Additionally, the PA group had the most hydrophobic surface (82.47°) and the highest surface free energy (46.08 mN/m). Notably, no group showed cytotoxic effects after 72 h of testing. In addition, the 3D group demonstrated the lowest biofilm formation after both 24 h and 72 h of microbial culture.
3D-printed DBRs exhibited the lowest surface roughness, maintaining non-cytotoxic and superior resistance to microbial adhesion, suggesting their potential for complete denture fabrication, easy maintenance of oral hygiene, and long-term clinical performance.
背景/目的：随着数字技术的进步，近年来，使用3D打印义齿基托树脂（DBR）制作全口义齿的全数字工作流程在临床上越来越被接受。然而，3D打印DBR材料的表面特性、生物相容性和生物膜形成仍未得到充分了解。因此，在本研究中，我们对这些方面进行了调查和分析。
采用填充（PA）、铣削（ML）和3D打印（3D）工艺制作盘状DBR标本（直径2.5mm，厚3mm）。所有标本均用碳化硅砂纸（#600）打磨并超声清洗。使用扫描电子显微镜和原子力显微镜分析表面微观形貌和亚微米粗糙度，同时使用测角仪测量接触角以计算表面能。将人牙龈成纤维细胞培养在标本上，以评估细胞毒性和生物膜形成。统计分析的显著性水平设定为0.05。
显微镜成像显示，3D组的纹理分布更均匀，同时其表面粗糙度最低（0.85μm）。此外，PA组的表面疏水性最强（82.47°），表面自由能最高（46.08mN/m）。值得注意的是，在测试72小时后，没有一组显示出细胞毒性作用。此外，在微生物培养24小时和72小时后，3D组的生物膜形成最少。
3D打印的DBR表面粗糙度最低，保持无细胞毒性且对微生物粘附具有优异的抵抗力，表明它们在全口义齿制作、易于保持口腔卫生和长期临床性能方面具有潜力。
