Tung-Hahn Eleanor, Yang Alina, Patel Manojkumar T, Zager Jonathan
College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, USA.
Biological Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, USA.
Cureus. 2025 Jul 12;17(7):e87789. doi: 10.7759/cureus.87789. eCollection 2025 Jul.
Extraocular sebaceous carcinoma (SC) is an uncommon but potentially aggressive tumor. Typical presentation is a red-yellow nodule, often ulcerated, on the head and neck of an older individual. Factors increasing the risk of SC include genetic mutations, ultraviolet light exposure, prior radiation, and immunosuppression. A 63-year-old Caucasian man presented with an enlarging, painful subcutaneous mass on his left arm, which was ultimately diagnosed as a poorly differentiated extraocular SC. Given the aggressive tumor subtype and large size of the lesion, he was definitively treated with wide local excision and sentinel lymph node biopsy. While his past medical history and family history were significant for colon cancer, he declined further genetic workup and testing. Risk factors for metastasis of SC include a tumor diameter greater than 2 cm, rapid growth, high histologic grade, or poor differentiation. As poorly differentiated extraocular SC is associated with a higher rate of nodal involvement, management with complete surgical resection and evaluation (sentinel lymph node biopsy or imaging) to determine whether metastatic spread has occurred may be of benefit to establish if further procedures, radiation, or therapeutics are indicated.
眼外皮脂腺癌（SC）是一种罕见但具有潜在侵袭性的肿瘤。典型表现为老年个体头颈部出现的红黄色结节，常伴有溃疡。增加SC风险的因素包括基因突变、紫外线暴露、既往放疗和免疫抑制。一名63岁的白种男性因左臂出现一个不断增大的疼痛性皮下肿块就诊，最终被诊断为低分化眼外SC。鉴于肿瘤亚型具有侵袭性且病变较大，对其进行了广泛局部切除和前哨淋巴结活检的确定性治疗。虽然他的既往病史和家族史中有结肠癌，但他拒绝进一步的基因检查和检测。SC转移的危险因素包括肿瘤直径大于2 cm、生长迅速、组织学分级高或分化差。由于低分化眼外SC与更高的淋巴结受累率相关，采用完整手术切除并进行评估（前哨淋巴结活检或影像学检查）以确定是否发生转移扩散，对于确定是否需要进一步的手术、放疗或治疗可能有益。
