Evaluation of Different Surface Treatments on Osseointegration of Dental Implants.

BACKGROUND

Osseointegration is a critical factor determining the success of dental implants. Various surface treatments are applied to enhance the integration of implants with the surrounding bone tissue.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Standardized dental implants were divided into four groups based on the surface treatment applied: Group A (machined surface), Group B (sandblasted and acid-etched), Group C (plasma-sprayed hydroxyapatite coating), and Group D (titanium oxide nano-coating). Implants were embedded in bovine bone blocks and subjected to biomechanical testing after a simulated healing period of 8 weeks under controlled conditions. Parameters assessed included bone-implant contact (BIC) percentage and pull-out strength (N).

RESULTS

Group A exhibited the lowest BIC percentage (45%) and pull-out strength (150 N). Group B demonstrated a significant improvement with a BIC of 65% and pull-out strength of 210 N. Group C achieved a BIC of 75% and pull-out strength of 250 N. Group D showed the highest values, with a BIC of 85% and pull-out strength of 300 N. Statistical analysis revealed that Groups C and D performed significantly better ( < 0.05) compared to Groups A and B.

CONCLUSION

Surface treatments significantly influence the osseointegration of dental implants. Titanium oxide nano-coating and plasma-sprayed hydroxyapatite coatings demonstrated superior results, suggesting their potential as preferred surface modification techniques for enhancing implant success. Further clinical studies are recommended to validate these findings.