Meena Manoj, Aijazuddin Amreen, Kumawat Ramniwas, Saxena Shipra, Rajput Tanmay, Jaidupally Ramvilas R
Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Rajasthan Dental College and Hospital, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India.
Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Kings Dental Centre, Al Matkhiya (Private Clinic), Doha, Qatar.
J Pharm Bioallied Sci. 2025 Jun;17(Suppl 2):S1972-S1974. doi: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_1818_24. Epub 2025 Jun 18.
Enamel hypoplasia is a developmental defect of enamel characterized by incomplete or defective enamel formation. It is often influenced by genetic, systemic, and environmental factors, including diet.
A cross-sectional study was conducted on 200 children aged 6-12 years from urban and rural schools. Data were collected through structured dietary questionnaires and oral examinations to assess the presence and severity of enamel hypoplasia. Dietary intake was classified into groups based on sugar frequency, calcium-rich foods, and vitamin D levels. Enamel hypoplasia was graded using the Modified Developmental Defects of Enamel Index (DDE Index). Statistical analysis was performed using Chi-square tests and logistic regression to evaluate associations.
Out of 200 children, 72 (36%) exhibited signs of enamel hypoplasia. High sugar consumption was significantly associated with enamel hypoplasia ( < 0.001), with 48% of children in the high-sugar group presenting with defects compared to 18% in the low-sugar group. Calcium-rich diets were protective, as only 10% of children with adequate calcium intake showed enamel hypoplasia ( < 0.05). Vitamin D deficiency was identified in 62% of affected children, indicating a strong correlation ( < 0.01). Logistic regression revealed that high sugar intake increased the odds of enamel hypoplasia by 2.8 times (OR = 2.8, 95% CI: 1.6-4.7).
Diet plays a pivotal role in the development of enamel hypoplasia in children. High sugar consumption and vitamin D deficiency are key contributors, while calcium-rich diets offer protection.
釉质发育不全是一种釉质发育缺陷，其特征为釉质形成不完全或有缺陷。它常受遗传、全身和环境因素影响，包括饮食。
对来自城乡学校的200名6至12岁儿童进行了一项横断面研究。通过结构化饮食问卷和口腔检查收集数据，以评估釉质发育不全的存在情况和严重程度。根据糖摄入频率、富含钙的食物和维生素D水平对饮食摄入进行分组。使用改良的釉质发育缺陷指数（DDE指数）对釉质发育不全进行分级。采用卡方检验和逻辑回归进行统计分析以评估相关性。
在200名儿童中，72名（36%）表现出釉质发育不全的迹象。高糖摄入与釉质发育不全显著相关（<0.001），高糖组中有48%的儿童出现缺陷，而低糖组为18%。富含钙的饮食具有保护作用，钙摄入充足的儿童中只有10%表现出釉质发育不全（<0.05）。62%的患病儿童存在维生素D缺乏，表明存在强相关性（<0.01）。逻辑回归显示，高糖摄入使釉质发育不全的几率增加2.8倍（OR = 2.8，95%CI：1.6 - 4.7）。
饮食在儿童釉质发育不全的发生中起关键作用。高糖摄入和维生素D缺乏是主要促成因素，而富含钙的饮食具有保护作用。
