Endodontic surgery (ES) includes numerous methods for treating teeth with a history of failed root canal treatment. This 49-year bibliometric analysis aimed to identify the 100 most-cited papers on ES published during 1976-2024 and examine their bibliometric properties. The top 100 cited publications from the Web of Science (WoS) database on ES were used as the dataset for the bibliometric research. Information regarding the publication year, single or multiple authorship, clinical or non-clinical research, mode of accessibility, level of evidence (LOE), geographic location, institution, authors, and keywords was extracted for each article. The VOSviewer (v.1.6.10; https://www.vosviewer.com) was used for co-author, co-citation, and keyword analysis. SPSS version 27 was used for data analysis. Most papers (n = 88) were original research articles, in contrast to review articles (n = 12). Articles authored by multiple authors gathered higher citations. LOE II exhibited the greatest number of publications (25%). Cohort (22%) and cross-sectional studies (14%) were the most common research designs. Over one-third of publications came from the United States, with the University of Pennsylvania being the top producer. The Journal of Endodontics published more than half of the articles. Euiseong Kim authored the majority of the papers, followed by Syngcuk Kim. The most influential keywords were healing, MTA (mineral trioxide aggregate), and periapical surgery. This research reveals a vibrant and growing academic environment worldwide, with a notable uptick in the past 20 years. The results of this study show how important international collaboration is to the advancement of ES and allow readers to identify the prolific authors, countries, organizations, and journals working in this area. Among all fields of study, outcomes of ES have the most-cited articles, followed by root-end filling materials. Clinical studies were more prevalent, with cohort studies being the most preferred study design.