Isaka Yukari, Hori Ai, Dhungel Bibha, Tabuchi Takahiro, Katanoda Kota
Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.
Institute of Medicine, Transborder Medical Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.
Tob Induc Dis. 2025 Jul 12;23. doi: 10.18332/tid/205196. eCollection 2025.
Despite the global increase in waterpipe tobacco use (hookah tobacco, shisha), its prevalence and characteristics are understudied in Japan. We aimed to investigate the prevalence and associated factors of waterpipe tobacco use in the Japanese population.
Data were obtained from the Japan 'Society and New Tobacco' Internet Survey, conducted in February 2023. Of the 34000 surveyed participants, a total of 31037 respondents (91.3%) aged 15-82 years were included. Current waterpipe tobacco smokers were defined as those reporting use 'occasionally' or 'almost every day' in the past 30 days. Inverse probability weighting was used to calculate waterpipe tobacco use, which approximated the Japanese national population. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to estimate the effect of waterpipe tobacco use, adjusted for sociodemographic variables.
The prevalence of current and former waterpipe tobacco use in Japan was 1.4% and 3.9%, respectively, both with higher prevalence among men. Use was notably higher among individuals in their 20s, with prevalence rates of 4.4% among those aged 20-29 years. Waterpipe tobacco use among current tobacco product users was 2.5% for cigarette users, 4.7% for heated tobacco product users, and 32.5% for electronic cigarette users. Waterpipe tobacco use was more strongly associated with current e-cigarette (AOR=4.06; 95 % CI: 2.7-6.0) and heated tobacco product (HTP) use (AOR=2.44; 95 % CI: 1.9-3.2), while individuals with former combustible tobacco (AOR=3.12; 95 % CI: 2.4-4.1) or cannabis use (AOR=14.8; 95 % CI: 9.5-23.2) reported higher prevalence of current waterpipe use.
We found a high prevalence of waterpipe tobacco smoking among young adults and other tobacco product users in Japan. Public health initiatives should focus on educating the population about the risks associated with waterpipe tobacco use and developing policies to regulate its availability and marketing.
尽管全球水烟烟草使用（水烟、水烟袋）呈上升趋势，但其在日本的流行情况和特征仍未得到充分研究。我们旨在调查日本人群中水烟烟草使用的流行情况及相关因素。
数据来自2023年2月进行的日本“社会与新烟草”互联网调查。在34000名调查参与者中，共有31037名年龄在15 - 82岁的受访者（91.3%）被纳入。当前水烟烟草使用者被定义为在过去30天内报告“偶尔”或“几乎每天”使用的人。采用逆概率加权法计算水烟烟草使用率，该方法近似于日本全国人口。进行逻辑回归分析以估计水烟烟草使用的影响，并对社会人口统计学变量进行了调整。
日本当前和曾经使用水烟烟草的患病率分别为1.4%和3.9%，男性患病率均更高。20多岁的人群中使用率尤其高，20 - 29岁人群的患病率为4.4%。当前烟草制品使用者中，水烟烟草使用率在香烟使用者中为2.5%，加热烟草制品使用者中为4.7%，电子烟使用者中为32.5%。水烟烟草使用与当前电子烟使用（比值比=4.06；95%置信区间：2.7 - 6.0）和加热烟草制品（HTP）使用（比值比=2.44；95%置信区间：1.9 - 3.2）的关联更强，而曾经使用可燃烟草（比值比=3.12；95%置信区间：2.4 - 4.1）或大麻（比值比=14.8；95%置信区间：9.5 - 23.2）的个体报告当前水烟使用的患病率更高。
我们发现日本年轻人和其他烟草制品使用者中水烟烟草吸烟率较高。公共卫生举措应侧重于教育民众了解与水烟烟草使用相关的风险，并制定政策来规范其可得性和营销。
