Núñez Daniel, Villacura-Herrera César, Cubillos Javier, Donoso Martín, Langer Álvaro I
Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Cognitivas, Faculty of Psychology, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile.
Millennium Nucleus to Improve the Mental Health of Adolescents and Youths (Imhay), Santiago, Chile.
PeerJ. 2025 Jul 9;13:e19620. doi: 10.7717/peerj.19620. eCollection 2025.
Experiential avoidance (EA), defined as an inflexible behavioral pattern by which a person tries to avoid contact with private unpleasant situations, is considered a transdiagnostic variable associated with various psychopathological disorders. The Acceptance and Action Questionnaire II (AAQ-II) is a broadly used measure of EA. However, inconsistencies in the methods employed for examining its internal structure and the need for culturally validated measures in diverse populations highlight the need for further study. We conducted two studies in Spanish-speaking university students (nStudy1 = 829; nStudy2 = 830) to determine the validity and reliability of the AAQ-II.
In the first study, we examined the questionnaire through exploratory factor analysis (EFA). In the second study, we conducted confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to examine how well these factor structures fit our data.
We suggested a three-factor structure (namely: painful memories, emotional distress, and affective control), in contrast with the unidimensional model consistently reported in the literature. The three-factor model showed a better fit overall. Additionally, we tested a bifactor model to determine the feasibility of a general factor. Our results suggested that this general factor explained a high amount of the variance within the model when compared to the three independent factors. In terms of convergent validity, significant positive associations were found between EA and suicidal ideation, depressive and anxious symptoms, while negative associations were found with psychological well-being. The factor structures tested showed good internal consistency indices (ω = 0.853-0.918; α = 0.853-0.918).
We discuss our results in terms of their methodological and practical implications for the use of the AAQ-II.
经验性回避（EA）被定义为一种僵化的行为模式，即个体试图避免接触个人不愉快的情境，被认为是一种与多种精神病理障碍相关的跨诊断变量。《接受与行动问卷第二版》（AAQ-II）是广泛使用的经验性回避测量工具。然而，在检验其内部结构所采用的方法上存在不一致，以及在不同人群中需要经过文化验证的测量工具，这凸显了进一步研究的必要性。我们对说西班牙语的大学生进行了两项研究（研究1 = 829人；研究2 = 830人），以确定AAQ-II的有效性和可靠性。
在第一项研究中，我们通过探索性因素分析（EFA）对问卷进行了检验。在第二项研究中，我们进行了验证性因素分析（CFA），以检验这些因素结构与我们的数据拟合程度如何。
我们提出了一个三因素结构（即：痛苦记忆、情绪困扰和情感控制），这与文献中一直报道的单维模型形成对比。三因素模型总体拟合度更好。此外，我们测试了一个双因素模型以确定一般因素的可行性。我们的结果表明，与三个独立因素相比，这个一般因素解释了模型内的大量方差。在收敛效度方面，经验性回避与自杀意念、抑郁和焦虑症状之间存在显著正相关，而与心理健康存在负相关。所测试的因素结构显示出良好的内部一致性指标（ω = 0.853 - 0.918；α = 0.853 - 0.918）。
我们从AAQ-II使用的方法学和实际意义方面讨论了我们的结果。
