Li Ruixiao, Pang Weiqiang, Zhang Yang, Trache Djalal, DeLuca Luigi T
National Key Laboratory of Energetic Materials, Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an 710065 China.
Energetic Materials Laboratory (EMLab), Teaching and Research Unit of Energetic Processes, Ecole Militaire Polytechnique, BP 17, Bordj El-Bahri, 16046 Algiers, Algeria.
ACS Omega. 2025 Jun 25;10(26):27659-27672. doi: 10.1021/acsomega.4c11210. eCollection 2025 Jul 8.
Energetic materials (EMs) have important application value in the military and civil fields. But at the same time, EMs will burn or explode when they are impacted or rubbed. 2,4,6,8,10,12-Hexanitro-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaazaisowurtzitane (CL-20) is one of the typical energetic compounds with high energy, whose density is 2.04 g cm and velocity of detonation is 9380 m s. However, its high mechanical sensitivity (impact sensitivity and friction sensitivity) has become one of the major problems that limit its application in solid propellants and explosives. Consequently, the mitigation of CL-20's mechanical sensitivity has remained a critical research objective in the field of EMs. In this review, the passivation of CL-20, including crystal control, cocrystallization, surface coating, spheronization, and nanonization, is summarized. Different methods significantly reduce the sensitivity of CL-20, with the lowest impact sensitivity reaching 35 J. In addition, research directions on the passivation of CL-20 in the future were proposed, promoting the application of CL-20 in energetic systems.
含能材料在军事和民用领域具有重要的应用价值。但与此同时，含能材料在受到冲击或摩擦时会燃烧或爆炸。2,4,6,8,10,12-六硝基-2,4,6,8,10,12-六氮杂异伍兹烷（CL-20）是典型的高能含能化合物之一，其密度为2.04 g/cm³，爆速为9380 m/s。然而，其高机械感度（撞击感度和摩擦感度）已成为限制其在固体推进剂和炸药中应用的主要问题之一。因此，降低CL-20的机械感度一直是含能材料领域的关键研究目标。在本综述中，总结了CL-20的钝感处理方法，包括晶体控制、共结晶、表面包覆、球形化和纳米化。不同方法显著降低了CL-20的感度，最低撞击感度达到35 J。此外，还提出了未来CL-20钝感处理的研究方向，以促进CL-20在含能体系中的应用。
