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肠道-骨骼轴中的细胞外囊泡：骨质疏松症的新见解与治疗机遇

Extracellular Vesicles in Gut-Bone Axis: Novel Insights and Therapeutic Opportunities for Osteoporosis.

作者信息

Liu Han, Li Ruiyang, Yang Huijian, Situ Bo, Wang Guangchao, Xu Ke, Su Jiacan

机构信息

Department of Orthopedics, Xinhua Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai 200092 China.

Institute of Translational Medicine Shanghai University Shanghai 200444 China.

出版信息

Small Sci. 2024 Dec 23;5(4):2400474. doi: 10.1002/smsc.202400474. eCollection 2025 Apr.

DOI:10.1002/smsc.202400474
PMID:40657203
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12244513/
Abstract

Osteoporosis (OP) is a systemic and retrogressive disease characterized by decreased bone density and fragile bone microstructure. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), a cell-free system with a phospholipid bilayer released by cells that cannot be replicated, have unique nanostructure, stable drug-loading capacity, and good biocompatibility, playing an important role in regulating the gut-skeletal axis. A growing body of research demonstrates that gut microbiota (GM) influence the development of OS, while bacteria-derived EVs (BEVs) have become a new dialogue medium between the gut and bone. Additionally, organoids are 3D cell clusters in vitro that highly simulate the structure and function of corresponding organs. Intestinal organoids-derived EVs (IOEVs) serve as another promising communication medium between the gut and bone due to their significant physiological effects. Herein, three types of gut-bone axes, including the traditional, BEVs-based, and IOEVs-based gut-bone axes are innovatively proposed. The impact of the BEVs-based and IOEVs-based gut-bone axes on OP is focused. The comprehensive summary of three types of gut-bone axes will reveal the relationship between intestinal and bone and provide new solution to OP therapy.

摘要

骨质疏松症（OP）是一种全身性退行性疾病，其特征是骨密度降低和骨微结构脆弱。细胞外囊泡（EVs）是一种由细胞释放的具有磷脂双层结构的无细胞体系，不可复制，具有独特的纳米结构、稳定的载药能力和良好的生物相容性，在调节肠-骨轴中发挥着重要作用。越来越多的研究表明，肠道微生物群（GM）会影响骨质疏松症的发展，而细菌衍生的细胞外囊泡（BEVs）已成为肠道与骨骼之间一种新的对话媒介。此外，类器官是体外的三维细胞簇，高度模拟相应器官的结构和功能。肠道类器官衍生的细胞外囊泡（IOEVs）由于其显著的生理效应，成为肠道与骨骼之间另一种有前景的通讯媒介。在此，创新性地提出了三种类型的肠-骨轴，包括传统的、基于BEVs的和基于IOEVs的肠-骨轴。重点关注基于BEVs的和基于IOEVs的肠-骨轴对OP的影响。对三种类型肠-骨轴的全面总结将揭示肠道与骨骼之间的关系，并为OP治疗提供新的解决方案。

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