Zhang Yinqiao, Yang Zhaohui, Zhang Miao, Yang Yuanting, Ma Zhongyu, Wu Mengke, Bi Hongsheng, Guo Dadong
Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250002, China.
Affiliated Eye Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250002, China.
Int J Med Sci. 2025 Jun 23;22(12):3084-3100. doi: 10.7150/ijms.110640. eCollection 2025.
Myopia, also known as nearsightedness, refers to a refractive error of the eye that causes parallel rays of light to focus in front of the retina, affecting distance vision. High myopia significantly increases the risk of pathological myopia, leading to severe complications and an increased likelihood of myopia-related eye diseases. In recent decades, the incidence of myopia has continued to rise, posing significant social and human health issues. The complex interplay between genetic and environmental variables affects the development of myopia. Gene control depends to a large extent on epigenetic changes, which are reversible, inheritable, and sensitive to ecological shifts. Therefore, the pathophysiology and development of myopia are tightly linked to gene regulation mediated by epigenetic changes. To explore epigenetic modifications related to myopia, a PubMed search was conducted using keywords such as epigenetic modification, epigenetics, DNA methylation, RNA methylation, non-coding RNA, long non-coding RNA, short interfering RNA, microRNA, ribosomal RNA, circular RNA, transfer RNA, histone modification, histone methylation, and histone acetylation. This review presents the current understanding of these epigenetic modifications in myopia to provide new insights for advancing myopia research.
近视，也被称为近视眼，是指眼睛的一种屈光不正，它会导致平行光线聚焦在视网膜前方，影响远距离视力。高度近视会显著增加病理性近视的风险，引发严重并发症，并增加患近视相关眼病的可能性。在最近几十年里，近视的发病率持续上升，带来了重大的社会和人类健康问题。基因和环境变量之间复杂的相互作用影响着近视的发展。基因控制在很大程度上依赖于表观遗传变化，这些变化是可逆的、可遗传的，并且对生态变化敏感。因此，近视的病理生理学和发展与由表观遗传变化介导的基因调控紧密相连。为了探索与近视相关的表观遗传修饰，我们使用了表观遗传修饰、表观遗传学、DNA甲基化、RNA甲基化、非编码RNA、长链非编码RNA、短干扰RNA、微小RNA、核糖体RNA、环状RNA、转运RNA、组蛋白修饰、组蛋白甲基化和组蛋白乙酰化等关键词在PubMed上进行了搜索。本综述介绍了目前对近视中这些表观遗传修饰的理解，以为推进近视研究提供新的见解。
