Lindberg Leona, Woodside Jayne V, Nugent Anne P
Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, BelfastBT12 6BJ, Northern Ireland, UK.
Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, BelfastBT9 5DL, UK.
Proc Nutr Soc. 2025 Jul 14:1-12. doi: 10.1017/S0029665125100608.
In recognition of the impact of current dietary patterns on human and environmental health, dietary shifts towards sustainable diets are considered crucial to adequately feed a growing global population within planetary boundaries. Whilst the composition of sustainable diets varies to account for regional specificity, consensus exists on the need to reduce meat and increase plant protein intakes in sustainable dietary patterns for high-income settings. Due to the high environmental impact resulting from meat production and observational evidence of higher risks of negatives health outcomes associated with excess red and processed meat, a reduction in meat consumption is considered a 'win-win' for both people and the planet. However, meat is an important contributor to dietary protein and micronutrient intakes and plays an important sociocultural role, particularly in the UK and Ireland. Whilst a strong evidence-base exists on the environmental and health benefits associated with increased consumption of whole plant foods such as legumes, nuts and seeds, these foods may not address the barriers associated with lower meat diets. Plant-based meat alternatives (PBMAs) are products created to replicate the taste, texture, appearance and functionality of meat and therefore may provide an acceptable means of facilitating the shift to healthy and more sustainable diets. However, less is known about the health and environmental impact of substituting meat with PBMAs. Therefore, this review summarises the literature on the nutritional, health and environmental impact of PBMAs to better understand the role of these products in healthy and sustainable diets for the UK and Ireland.
鉴于当前饮食模式对人类健康和环境健康的影响，向可持续饮食转变被认为对于在地球边界内充分养活不断增长的全球人口至关重要。虽然可持续饮食的构成因地区差异而有所不同，但对于高收入地区的可持续饮食模式而言，减少肉类摄入并增加植物蛋白摄入量的必要性已达成共识。由于肉类生产对环境影响巨大，且有观察证据表明过量食用红肉和加工肉与负面健康结果的较高风险相关，减少肉类消费被视为对人类和地球的 “双赢”。然而，肉类是膳食蛋白质和微量营养素摄入的重要来源，并且在社会文化中发挥着重要作用，特别是在英国和爱尔兰。虽然有充分的证据表明增加食用豆类、坚果和种子等全植物性食物对环境和健康有益，但这些食物可能无法消除与低肉饮食相关的障碍。植物性肉类替代品（PBMA）是为复制肉类的味道、质地、外观和功能而生产的产品，因此可能是促进向健康和更可持续饮食转变的可接受方式。然而，用PBMA替代肉类对健康和环境的影响知之甚少。因此，本综述总结了关于PBMA的营养、健康和环境影响的文献，以更好地了解这些产品在英国和爱尔兰健康和可持续饮食中的作用。
