Cheng Wai Kit, Liu Shanshan, Hoo Do Yee, Tang Siah Ying, Manickam Sivakumar, Chen Binghui, Tan Khang Wei, Ban Zhen Hong
School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Malaysia, 43900 Sepang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia; Centre of Excellence for Industrial Research and Climate Action (CIRCLE), Xiamen University Malaysia, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Malaysia, 43900 Sepang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
Int J Biol Macromol. 2025 Aug;320(Pt 4):145991. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.145991. Epub 2025 Jul 12.
Flexible supercapacitors are promising energy storage devices for wearable electronics; however, their practical application is limited by the low energy storage capacity of electrode materials. Nanocellulose, a naturally abundant and biodegradable material with high mechanical strength and low weight, offers potential as a sustainable platform for electrode design. In this study, flexible, free-standing electrode films were fabricated by vacuum filtration of cellulose nanofibers (CNF), carbon nanotubes (CNT), and cobalt oxide (CoO) at varying mass ratios. The composite films were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and electrochemically evaluated using cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge-discharge (GCD), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Among the tested compositions, the CNF/CNT/CoO electrode with a 25/25/25 mass ratio demonstrated the best performance, achieving a specific capacitance of 23.24 F/g at 0.1 A/g, low internal resistance (∼20 Ω), and excellent capacitance retention. It also delivered an energy density of 0.517 Wh/kg and a power density of 21.28 W/kg within a 0.4 V voltage window. Mechanical tests confirmed the electrode's exceptional flexibility and durability, maintaining structural integrity under repeated folding and stretching. These results illustrate the potential of CNF/CNT/CoO composite electrodes as environmentally friendly candidates for flexible energy storage in wearable electronics.
柔性超级电容器是可穿戴电子产品中很有前景的储能设备；然而，其实际应用受到电极材料低储能容量的限制。纳米纤维素是一种天然丰富且可生物降解的材料，具有高机械强度和低重量，为电极设计提供了作为可持续平台的潜力。在本研究中，通过对纤维素纳米纤维（CNF）、碳纳米管（CNT）和氧化钴（CoO）按不同质量比进行真空过滤制备了柔性自立电极膜。通过傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）对复合膜进行表征，并使用循环伏安法（CV）、恒电流充放电（GCD）和电化学阻抗谱（EIS）进行电化学评估。在测试的组合物中，质量比为25/25/25的CNF/CNT/CoO电极表现出最佳性能，在0.1 A/g时实现了23.24 F/g的比电容、低内阻（约20 Ω）和优异的电容保持率。在0.4 V电压窗口内，它还提供了0.517 Wh/kg的能量密度和21.28 W/kg的功率密度。机械测试证实了电极具有出色的柔韧性和耐久性，在反复折叠和拉伸下保持结构完整性。这些结果说明了CNF/CNT/CoO复合电极作为可穿戴电子产品中柔性储能的环保候选材料的潜力。
