Ahmad Waqas, Atiq Muhammad, Rajput Nasir Ahmed, Maqbool Rizwana, Shafi Jamil, Jabbar Abdul, Asad Sohail, Matloob Muhammad Jahanzaib, Zia Hassan, Usama Muhammad
Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
PLoS One. 2025 Jul 15;20(7):e0327021. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0327021. eCollection 2025.
Wheat production is substantially harmed by biotic and abiotic stress. Among biotic stresses, bacterial leaf streak (BLS) of wheat caused by bacterium Xanthomonas translucens pv. undulosa (Xtu) induces crop yield losses up to 10-40%. This multi-step investigation encompassed the evaluation of the antibacterial potency of parthenium-mediated copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) and silicon nanoparticles (SiNPs). Green synthesized Cu-Si nanoparticles were evaluated under lab and greenhouse conditions employing a Complete Randomized Design (CRD) and under field conditions adopting Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) alone and in combination. The scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction showed that CuNPs and SiNPs exhibited semi-spherical and spherical morphology with average size of 61.49nm and 14.36nm, respectively. Among the tested nanoparticles, maximal inhibition one was expressed by CuNPs + SiNPs (19.06 mm), followed by CuNPs (14.14 mm) and SiNPs (10.56 mm) as compared to control. The least disease incidence under greenhouse (14.75%) and field-scale evaluation (29.46%) was expressed by combined treatment CuNPs + SiNPs, followed by single treatment CuNPs and SiNPs in comparison with control. Moreover, the execution of the most effective dosage of CuNPs + SiNPs enhanced the amounts of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants like SOD, POD, CAT, H2O2, TPC, TSS by 3.09, 3.01, 1.87, 7.35, 3.61 and 1.08 µg/g, respectively. Similarly, most effective dosage of CuNPs + SiNPs increased the yield-related attributes of the wheat plant such as root length (4.52 cm), shoot length (4.063 cm), chlorophyll contents (5.56 SPAD), spike length (15.98 cm), spikelets per spike (19.88) and Number of grains per spike (31.97), 100 grains weight (17.07 g), plant height (81.46 cm), stomatal conductance (288.69 m.mol m-2s-1), and root biomass (492.15 kg/ha). Recent findings emphasize the potential of ecological nanotechnology-based tactics in plant disease management. Furthermore, nanoparticles applications with CuNPs and SiNPs were an eco-friendly tactic for managing the bacterial leaf streak of wheat and enhancing the antioxidant defense system and yield-related attributes of wheat.
小麦生产受到生物和非生物胁迫的严重影响。在生物胁迫中，由野油菜黄单胞菌小麦致病变种（Xtu）引起的小麦细菌性条斑病（BLS）可导致作物减产10%-40%。这项多步骤研究包括评估银胶菊介导的铜纳米颗粒（CuNPs）和硅纳米颗粒（SiNPs）的抗菌效力。在实验室和温室条件下采用完全随机设计（CRD）对绿色合成的铜硅纳米颗粒进行评估，在田间条件下单独或组合采用随机完全区组设计（RCBD）进行评估。扫描电子显微镜和X射线衍射表明，CuNPs和SiNPs分别呈现半球形和球形形态，平均粒径分别为61.49nm和14.36nm。在测试的纳米颗粒中，CuNPs+SiNPs表现出最大抑菌圈（19.06mm），其次是CuNPs（14.14mm）和SiNPs（10.56mm），与对照相比。与对照相比，联合处理CuNPs+SiNPs在温室（14.75%）和田间规模评估（29.46%）下发病率最低，其次是单一处理CuNPs和SiNPs。此外，施用最有效剂量的CuNPs+SiNPs可使超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、过氧化氢（H2O2）、总酚含量（TPC）、总可溶性固形物（TSS）等酶促和非酶促抗氧化剂含量分别提高3.09、3.01、1.87、7.35、3.61和1.08μg/g。同样地CuNPs+SiNPs最有效剂量增加了小麦植株的产量相关性状，如根长（4.52cm）、地上部长度（4.063cm）、叶绿素含量（5.56 SPAD）、穗长（15.98cm）、每穗小穗数（19.88）、每穗粒数（31.97）、百粒重（17.07g）、株高（81.4cm）、气孔导度（288.69mmol m-2s-1）和根生物量（492.15kg/ha）。最新研究结果强调了基于生态纳米技术的策略在植物病害管理中的潜力。此外，应用CuNPs和SiNPs纳米颗粒是一种生态友好的策略，可用于防治小麦细菌性条斑病，并增强小麦的抗氧化防御系统和产量相关性状。
