Livadiotis George, McComas David J
Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA.
Sci Rep. 2025 Jul 15;15(1):25618. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-10069-z.
We recently developed the framework of anisotropic relativity through a perhaps surprising path - the new theory of thermodynamic relativity. Here we show that there is another, and in retrospect more obvious path, which is through asynchronous kinematics. We develop this framework through three progressive thought experiments: (1) Stationary observers that exchange a signal of particles and light beams in one-way opposite directions; (2) Nonstationary observers that exchange light signals; and (3) Nonstationary observers that exchange a signal of particles and light beams. Through these, we show the addition rule of one-way velocities, and that this is the same addition rule derived from thermodynamic relativity. We conclude that the broadest formalism of special relativity - the one derived from thermodynamic relativity that corresponds to linear Lorentz transformations, is actually connected with asynchronous kinematics and describes the asynchronous adaptation of Einstein's special relativity, or simply, the anisotropic relativity.
我们最近通过一条或许出人意料的路径——热力学相对论新理论，发展出了各向异性相对论的框架。在此我们表明，还存在另一条路径，且回顾起来更为明显，即通过异步运动学。我们通过三个递进的思想实验来构建这个框架：（1）在单向相反方向交换粒子和光束信号的静止观察者；（2）交换光信号的非静止观察者；（3）交换粒子和光束信号的非静止观察者。通过这些实验，我们展示了单向速度的加法规则，且这与从热力学相对论导出的加法规则相同。我们得出结论，狭义相对论最广义的形式——源自与线性洛伦兹变换相对应的热力学相对论的形式，实际上与异步运动学相关联，并描述了爱因斯坦狭义相对论的异步适应性，或者简单地说，就是各向异性相对论。
