He Jiali, Lu Zuosheng, Han Jinyong
School of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China.
School of Sports Science, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang, China.
Front Psychol. 2025 Jul 1;16:1555765. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1555765. eCollection 2025.
The aim of the present study was to develop and validate a multidimensional adherence scale for ethnic traditional sports exercise prescriptions, specifically tailored for older adults in China. The scale was grounded in Social Cognitive Theory and was guided by the FITT-VP principles (Frequency, Intensity, Time, Type, Volume, and Progression).
The sample comprised 342 retired older adults (aged 55-80 years), with a mean age of 67.5 years (SD = 6.3), recruited from 10 universities in Guangdong Province. To verify the psychometric properties of the scale, exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were performed to determine the factor structure and model fit.
Results showed that the finalized 23-item scale presented a three-factor solution-Cognitive Adherence, Behavioral Adherence, and Self-Regulatory Adherence-accounting for 71.7% of the total variance. CFA supported the three-factor model (χ/df = 4.70, RMSEA = 0.10), with satisfactory factor loadings (≥ 0.50) and acceptable fit indices (NFI = 0.87, CFI = 0.88, RMR = 0.05, GFI = 0.80). Internal consistency, measured by Cronbach's , ranged from 0.92 to 0.96 for the subscales and achieved 0.97 for the overall scale. Criterion-related validity analysis indicated significant positive correlations ( < 0.01) with an established adherence scale, supporting the external validity of the new scale. Construct validity, tested through convergent and discriminant validity measures, supported the use of the scale in evaluating adherence to ethnic traditional sports exercise prescriptions.
These findings highlight the need for culturally tailored assessment tools and the importance of addressing cognitive, behavioral, and self-regulatory dimensions to enhance adherence. Despite these strengths, the study has limitations, including the relatively homogeneous sample of retired university faculty from a single province, which may limit generalizability to more diverse elderly populations. As a general conclusion, the developed scale appears to be a valid and reliable tool for assessing adherence to ethnic traditional sports among older adults. This multidimensional tool may help professionals design more effective, theory-driven interventions, ultimately promoting active and healthy aging in culturally relevant ways.
本研究的目的是开发并验证一种针对民族传统体育锻炼处方的多维依从性量表，该量表是专门为中国老年人量身定制的。该量表以社会认知理论为基础，并以FITT-VP原则（频率、强度、时间、类型、运动量和进展）为指导。
样本包括从广东省10所大学招募的342名退休老年人（年龄在55 - 80岁之间），平均年龄为67.5岁（标准差 = 6.3）。为了验证该量表的心理测量特性，进行了探索性因子分析（EFA）和验证性因子分析（CFA）以确定因子结构和模型拟合度。
结果表明，最终确定的23个条目的量表呈现出一个三因子结构——认知依从性、行为依从性和自我调节依从性——解释了总方差的71.7%。CFA支持三因子模型（χ/df = 4.70，RMSEA = 0.10），具有令人满意的因子载荷（≥ 0.50）和可接受的拟合指数（NFI = 0.87，CFI = 0.88，RMR = 0.05，GFI = 0.80）。各分量表用Cronbach's 系数测得的内部一致性在0.92至0.96之间，总量表达到0.97。与标准相关的效度分析表明，与已有的依从性量表存在显著正相关（ ＜ 0.01），支持了新量表的外部效度。通过收敛效度和区分效度测量检验的结构效度，支持了该量表在评估民族传统体育锻炼处方依从性方面的应用。
这些发现凸显了对文化定制评估工具的需求，以及解决认知、行为和自我调节维度以提高依从性的重要性。尽管有这些优点，但该研究存在局限性包括来自单一省份的退休大学教职工样本相对同质，这可能会限制该量表对更多样化老年人群体的推广性。总的来说，所开发的量表似乎是评估老年人对民族传统体育依从性的有效且可靠的工具。这种多维工具可能有助于专业人员设计更有效的、基于理论的干预措施，最终以与文化相关的方式促进积极健康的老龄化。
