Tiwari Harshdeep, Sharma Amit Kumar, Bharti Priyanka, Agrawal Garima
Department of Chemistry, University Institute of Sciences, Chandigarh University, Mohali 140413, Punjab, India.
Department of Chemistry, University Institute of Sciences, Chandigarh University, Mohali 140413, Punjab, India; University Centre for Research & Development, Chandigarh University, Mohali 140413, Punjab, India.
Int J Biol Macromol. 2025 Aug;320(Pt 2):146016. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.146016. Epub 2025 Jul 14.
In recent years, modernization, urbanization, and industrialization have led to the exploitation of natural resources to an extreme extent. With the rise in issues related to water pollution, wastewater treatment has become a significant concern. Herein, a novel methodology has been developed for synthesizing gelatin and agar based hydrogel (GEL-GLA-cl-polyAA) and a nanocomposite imbibed with CuO nanoparticles (CuO/GEL-GLA-cl-polyAA) for the treatment of dye containing effluents. The maximum swelling percentage achieved by the GEL-GLA-cl-polyAA under the optimized conditions was 1118 ± 5 %. The FE-SEM analysis of samples confirmed the formation of a well-structured porous network with an average pore size of 51.64 μm and 47.45 μm in case of GEL-GLA-cl-polyAA and CuO/GEL-GLA-cl-polyAA, respectively. Whereas spindle shaped morphology of CuO nanoparticles was confirmed through TEM analysis. Similarly, the deconvoluted XPS spectra of CuO/GEL-GLA-cl-polyAA showed the presence of Cu (2p) and Cu (2p) peaks at 932.86 eV and 952.62 eV, respectively confirming the formation nanocomposite. The samples were found to be an excellent choice for the adsorption of Rhodamine B (RhB) and Crystal violet (CV) dyes. The conversion of GEL-GLA-cl-polyAA to CuO/GEL-GLA-cl-polyAA enhances the dye removal from 92.95 % to 96.68 % in case of CV and 97.05 % to 99.95 % in case of RhB. Further, the maximum dye adsorption capacity 245.78 mg/g was observed for the removal of CV using CuO/GEL-GLA-cl-polyAA adsorbent. Kinetic studies suggested that the intraparticle diffusion kinetics and second order kinetics were the most favourable kinetics, while Flory-Huggins and Freundlich adsorption isotherms were the most suited adsorption isotherms. Moreover, the designed adsorbents possessed regeneration and reusability potential upto five consecutive cycles without any dissolution, and the greener methodology adopted makes the process a promising path for eliminating RhB and CV dyes.
近年来，现代化、城市化和工业化已导致自然资源被过度开发。随着水污染问题的增多，废水处理已成为一个重大问题。在此，已开发出一种新颖的方法来合成基于明胶和琼脂的水凝胶（GEL-GLA-cl-polyAA）以及负载有氧化铜纳米颗粒的纳米复合材料（CuO/GEL-GLA-cl-polyAA），用于处理含染料废水。在优化条件下，GEL-GLA-cl-polyAA实现的最大溶胀百分比为1118±5%。对样品的场发射扫描电子显微镜（FE-SEM）分析证实，GEL-GLA-cl-polyAA和CuO/GEL-GLA-cl-polyAA分别形成了结构良好的多孔网络，平均孔径分别为51.64μm和47.45μm。而通过透射电子显微镜（TEM）分析证实了氧化铜纳米颗粒的纺锤形形态。同样，CuO/GEL-GLA-cl-polyAA的去卷积X射线光电子能谱（XPS）显示在932.86eV和952.62eV处分别存在Cu(2p)和Cu(2p)峰，分别证实了纳米复合材料的形成。发现这些样品是吸附罗丹明B（RhB）和结晶紫（CV）染料的极佳选择。在处理CV时，GEL-GLA-cl-polyAA转化为CuO/GEL-GLA-cl-polyAA可使染料去除率从92.95%提高到96.68%，在处理RhB时从97.05%提高到99.95%。此外，使用CuO/GEL-GLA-cl-polyAA吸附剂去除CV时，观察到最大染料吸附容量为245.78mg/g。动力学研究表明，颗粒内扩散动力学和二级动力学是最有利的动力学，而弗洛里-哈金斯（Flory-Huggins）和弗伦德利希（Freundlich）吸附等温线是最适合的吸附等温线。此外，设计的吸附剂具有高达五个连续循环的再生和可重复使用潜力，且不会有任何溶解，所采用的更环保方法使该过程成为消除RhB和CV染料的一条有前景的途径。
