Farhadi Nasrin, Moghaddam Mohammad, Farsaraei Sara, Babaei Khyrollah, Pirbalouti Abdollah Ghasemi
Greenhouse and Controlled Environments Research Center (GCER), Horticultural Science Research Institute (HSRI), AREEO, Karaj, Iran.
Department of Horticultural Science and Landscape Architecture, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, P.O. Box 91775-1163, Mashhad, Iran.
Sci Rep. 2025 Jul 17;15(1):25885. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-11873-3.
In the present study, the phytochemical quantity and quality as well as the antioxidant capacity of Achillea santolina at different growth stages including vegetative, flowering, and fruit set were investigated. The leave methanolic extraction of harvested plants at the flowering stage showed the highest phenolic and flavonoids content. The content and composition of A. santolina essential oil was varied depending on the plant development stage. The highest essential oil content (0.3% v/w) was obtained in the harvested aerial parts at the flowering stage followed by fruit set and vegetative stages. According to results of GC-FID and GC-MS, oxygenated monoterpenes represented by 1,8-cineole, α-thujone, and camphor were the predominant compounds in the A. santolina essential oil, which comprised 69.63-88.61% of the total oil composition. The essential oil quality of A. santolina was varied during the growing season and the observed variation was related to the differences in concentrations of main compounds and occurrence of minor constituents. An ascending and descending trend respectively was found regard to monoterpene and sesquiterpene contents during the growing life cycle of A. santolina and the highest ratio of these compounds was obtained at the fruit set stage. The total phenol content and antioxidant capacity of A. santolina essential oils gradually increased during the plant growth period that reached a maximum value at the fruit set stage. According to obtained results, appropriate harvesting stage can be chosen based on application purpose regards to essential oil quantity or quality. The results suggests that the flowering and fruit set stages can be considered as suitable sources of highest essential oil content and antioxidant potential, respectively.
在本研究中，对不同生长阶段（包括营养期、花期和坐果期）的圣托里尼蓍草的植物化学成分的数量和质量以及抗氧化能力进行了研究。在花期收获的植物的叶甲醇提取物显示出最高的酚类和黄酮类含量。圣托里尼蓍草精油的含量和成分因植物发育阶段而异。在花期收获的地上部分获得了最高的精油含量（0.3% v/w），其次是坐果期和营养期。根据气相色谱 - 氢火焰离子化检测器（GC - FID）和气相色谱 - 质谱联用仪（GC - MS）的结果，以1,8 - 桉叶素、α - 侧柏酮和樟脑为代表的氧化单萜是圣托里尼蓍草精油中的主要化合物，占总油成分的69.63 - 88.61%。圣托里尼蓍草的精油质量在生长季节有所变化，观察到的变化与主要化合物浓度的差异和次要成分的出现有关。在圣托里尼蓍草的生长周期中，单萜和倍半萜含量分别呈现出上升和下降趋势，并且在坐果期获得了这些化合物的最高比例。圣托里尼蓍草精油的总酚含量和抗氧化能力在植物生长期间逐渐增加，在坐果期达到最大值。根据所得结果，可以根据精油数量或质量的应用目的选择合适的收获阶段。结果表明，花期和坐果期可分别被视为精油含量最高和抗氧化潜力最高的合适来源。
