Mustafa Ghulam, Hussain Riaz, Afzal Gulnaz, Jabeen Ghazala, Ghaffar Abdul, Riaz Roshan, Mohiuddin Mudassar, Mahmood Yasir, Bhutta Zeeshan Ahmad, Şahin Tarkan, Ataya Farid Shokry
Department of Zoology, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan.
Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan.
Biol Trace Elem Res. 2025 Jul 17. doi: 10.1007/s12011-025-04741-8.
Brown-colored copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) were synthesized using a green synthesis method and characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). These nanoparticles have gained significant interest during the last decade in various fields owing to their unique physical and chemical properties. However, there have been concerns regarding their toxicological potential and possible adverse health effects on living organisms and the environment. Hence, this study was conducted to unveil the mechanisms of toxicity of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) on vital organs (brain, heart, testes, and muscles) of albino rats. After acclimatization, the rats in groups G-G were exposed to CuO NPs via intraperitoneal route at 250, 500, and 750 mg/kg/day, respectively, for 20 days. Different behavioral changes, oxidative stress biomarkers, and histopathological alterations were recorded. Results revealed a significant dose-dependent increase in the contents of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and a reduction of antioxidant enzymes (CAT, POD, and SOD) in different visceral organs. At the histopathological level, the brain of treated rats showed neuronal atrophy, degeneration of neurons, necrosis, and inflammatory reactions. Various sections of the testes of rats at high doses exhibited tubular degeneration, sloughing/necrosis of epithelium, and arresting of spermatogenesis, while heart sections indicated congestion, inflammatory exudate, myofibrillolysis, neutrophilic myocarditis, and coagulative necrosis. From the findings of this study, it is recorded that long-term exposure to CuO NPs induces toxicological impacts via induction of oxidative stress and disruption of physiological functions of multiple tissues of albino rats.
采用绿色合成法合成了棕色氧化铜纳米颗粒（CuO NPs），并通过X射线衍射（XRD）和傅里叶变换红外光谱（FT-IR）对其进行了表征。由于其独特的物理和化学性质，这些纳米颗粒在过去十年中在各个领域引起了极大的关注。然而，人们对其毒理学潜力以及对生物体和环境可能产生的不利健康影响表示担忧。因此，本研究旨在揭示氧化铜纳米颗粒（CuO NPs）对白化病大鼠重要器官（脑、心脏、睾丸和肌肉）的毒性作用机制。适应环境后，G-G组的大鼠分别通过腹腔注射途径，以250、500和750 mg/kg/天的剂量暴露于CuO NPs中，持续20天。记录了不同的行为变化、氧化应激生物标志物和组织病理学改变。结果显示，不同内脏器官中活性氧（ROS）和硫代巴比妥酸反应性物质（TBARS）的含量显著呈剂量依赖性增加，抗氧化酶（CAT、POD和SOD）减少。在组织病理学水平上，处理过的大鼠大脑显示神经元萎缩、神经元变性、坏死和炎症反应。高剂量组大鼠睾丸的各个切片表现出管状变性、上皮脱落/坏死以及精子发生停滞，而心脏切片显示充血、炎性渗出物、肌原纤维溶解、嗜中性心肌炎和凝固性坏死。从本研究的结果记录可知，长期暴露于CuO NPs会通过诱导氧化应激和破坏白化病大鼠多个组织的生理功能而产生毒理学影响。
