Benedicenti Ottavia, Dale Ole Bendik, Dahle Maria K, Gjessing Mona C
Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Postboks 64, Ås, 1431, Norway.
BMC Vet Res. 2025 Jul 16;21(1):471. doi: 10.1186/s12917-025-04922-6.
Infection with salmon gill poxvirus (SGPV) can lead to acute disease outbreaks with high mortalities caused by extensive gill pathology. In some cases, additional signs of severe red blood cell breakdown (erythrophagocytosis) are present in the spleen and kidney. This can indicate a broader systemic effect of the infection, extending beyond the gills. In a previous study, we investigated the gill histopathology and transcriptome response of salmon sampled from such an outbreak. Here, we further investigate these responses in the same fish, focusing on the haematopoietic organs.
Results show that extensive accumulation of red blood cell breakdown products and phagocytosis of red blood cells were seen in the salmon suffering from salmon gill poxvirus disease. Moreover, differentially expressed genes exhibited an apparent organ-specific pattern, with a primary function involved in immune response, which was predominantly observed in the spleen and kidney. Additional antiviral responses, as well as coagulation and vascular function, apoptosis, and stress responses, were also detected in haematopoietic organs.
In conclusion, salmon gill poxvirus disease (SGPVD) affects haematopoietic organs, causing red blood cell breakdown and organ-specific immune responses. Gene expression patterns highlight immune activation, antiviral defence, coagulation, and stress pathways in the spleen and kidney of salmon suffering from SGPVD.
感染鲑鱼鳃痘病毒（SGPV）可导致急性疾病暴发，因广泛的鳃部病变而造成高死亡率。在某些情况下，脾脏和肾脏中会出现严重红细胞分解（红细胞吞噬）的其他迹象。这可能表明感染具有更广泛的全身影响，超出了鳃部。在先前的一项研究中，我们调查了从这样一次疫情中采样的鲑鱼的鳃组织病理学和转录组反应。在此，我们进一步研究同一批鱼的这些反应，重点关注造血器官。
结果显示，患有鲑鱼鳃痘病毒病的鲑鱼出现了红细胞分解产物的广泛积累和红细胞吞噬现象。此外，差异表达基因呈现出明显的器官特异性模式，其主要功能涉及免疫反应，这在脾脏和肾脏中最为明显。在造血器官中还检测到了额外的抗病毒反应以及凝血和血管功能、细胞凋亡和应激反应。
总之，鲑鱼鳃痘病毒病（SGPVD）会影响造血器官，导致红细胞分解和器官特异性免疫反应。基因表达模式突出了患有SGPVD的鲑鱼脾脏和肾脏中的免疫激活、抗病毒防御、凝血和应激途径。
