Romano Elliot, Koirala Binod, Rüdisüli Martin, Eggimann Sven
Institute for Environmental Sciences and Department F.-A. Forel for Environmental and Aquatic Sciences, Energy Systems Group, University of Geneva, Geneva 1205, Switzerland.
Urban Energy Systems Laboratory, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Empa, Dübendorf CH-8600, Switzerland.
Environ Sci Technol. 2025 Jul 29;59(29):15057-15069. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.4c13270. Epub 2025 Jul 17.
The simultaneous adoption of battery electric vehicles and switching from privately owned cars to carsharing substantially impacts the release of greenhouse gas emissions, mobility costs and the security of electricity supply. An integrated hourly charging behavior optimization model for charging costs or emissions relying on a large carsharing reservation database is showcased for Switzerland, revealing a strong trade-off between electricity prices and CO emissions. Price-responsive electric charging reduces charging costs by 27% compared to emission-responsive charging, which reduces e-mobility-related CO emissions by 82%. Introducing a dynamic carbon tariff could make emission-responsive charging economically rational, resulting in an average carbon price of EUR 0.3/kg CO-equivalent. Although carsharing hinders battery charging at times of low emissions and requires increased overnight charging, carsharing only leads to minimal differences in operational costs or charging emissions compared to privately owned cars. However, a large-scale shift to battery electric vehicles requires energy system adjustments to meet the additional electricity needs from e-mobility. For complete electrification of private cars by 2050 in Switzerland, an additional curtailment, storage or import capacity of 1.3 TWh for the most critical winter month is required for individual car ownership and an additional 1.0 TWh for shared e-mobility.
同时采用纯电动汽车以及从私家车转向汽车共享，会对温室气体排放、出行成本和电力供应安全产生重大影响。本文展示了一个基于大型汽车共享预订数据库的针对充电成本或排放的综合小时充电行为优化模型，该模型以瑞士为例，揭示了电价与一氧化碳排放之间的强烈权衡。与排放响应式充电相比，价格响应式充电可将充电成本降低27%，而排放响应式充电可将与电动汽车相关的一氧化碳排放降低82%。引入动态碳关税可使排放响应式充电在经济上变得合理，从而使平均碳价格达到0.3欧元/千克二氧化碳当量。尽管汽车共享有时会阻碍电池充电，并需要增加夜间充电，但与私家车相比，汽车共享只会导致运营成本或充电排放的微小差异。然而，大规模转向纯电动汽车需要对能源系统进行调整，以满足电动汽车带来的额外电力需求。为了在2050年实现瑞士私家车的完全电气化，对于个人汽车拥有情况，在最关键的冬季月份需要额外增加1.3太瓦时的削减、存储或进口能力，对于共享电动汽车则需要额外增加1.0太瓦时。
