Chhaperwal Pratibha, Soni Shivani, Teli Sunita, Rundla Hemant Kumar, Agarwal Shikha
Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Mohanlal Sukhadia University Udaipur-313001 Rajasthan India
RSC Adv. 2025 Jul 16;15(30):24880-24904. doi: 10.1039/d5ra02653a. eCollection 2025 Jul 10.
Sulfated polyborate (SPB) is a homogeneous catalyst that showcases dual acidic properties of Brønsted and Lewis acid. The SPB catalyst is boron-centered, which makes it more sustainable as it inherits non-metallic and non-hazardous traits. SPB, a green and adaptable metal-free catalyst, is prepared from readily available boric acid, offering economic and environmental benefits. It is highly tolerable to functional groups due to its simple, facile, eco-friendly, and hassle-free isolation procedure, which establishes it as a versatile, promising, and flexible catalyst compared to metal-based catalysts. The general overview of SPB preparation is followed by its manifold applications in Betti-base synthesis, Kabachnik-Field reaction, Ritter reaction, Biginelli reaction, Kindler reaction, and various other organic transformations. The catalyst interacts with the reactant species to enhance the reaction rates. It follows a common reaction mechanism to frame products, specifically Knoevenagel condensation, followed by the Michael addition pathway. This review presents the preparation and characterization of SPB, followed by its various catalytic applications in organic synthesis over the past 9 years.
硫酸化聚硼酸盐（SPB）是一种均相催化剂，具有布朗斯特酸和路易斯酸的双重酸性。SPB催化剂以硼为中心，由于其具有非金属和无危险的特性，因此更具可持续性。SPB是一种绿色且适用的无金属催化剂，由易于获得的硼酸制备而成，具有经济和环境效益。由于其分离过程简单、便捷、环保且无麻烦，它对官能团具有高度耐受性，与金属基催化剂相比，它是一种通用、有前景且灵活的催化剂。在介绍SPB制备的概况之后，将阐述其在贝蒂碱合成、卡巴契尼克-菲尔德反应、里特反应、贝纳利反应、金德勒反应以及各种其他有机转化中的多种应用。该催化剂与反应物相互作用以提高反应速率。它遵循一种常见的反应机制来形成产物，特别是克诺文纳格尔缩合反应，随后是迈克尔加成途径。本综述介绍了SPB的制备和表征，以及过去9年中它在有机合成中的各种催化应用。
