Sharifi-Zahabi Elham, Dastafkan Zahra, Asadi Amirhossein, Hosseini-Baharanchi Fatemeh Sadat, Rezvani Nayebali, Yari Saba, Shidfar Farzad
Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran.
Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences Kermanshah Iran.
Food Sci Nutr. 2025 Jul 16;13(7):e70665. doi: 10.1002/fsn3.70665. eCollection 2025 Jul.
Several studies have reported the beneficial effects of theobromine (TB) on metabolic syndrome (MetS) indices and cardiovascular risk factors. However, the findings are controversial. The current study aimed to examine the effects of a 12-week intake of pure TB in combination with a low-calorie diet on serum levels of HDL-c2, HDL-c3, the HDL-c2/HDL-c3 ratio, and the gene expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR-α) and silent information regulator 1 (Sirt1) in overweight and obese adults with MetS. In this randomized clinical trial, 80 participants with MetS were randomly allocated to intake a 450 mg/day TB or placebo in combination with a low-calorie diet for 12 weeks. Dietary intake, anthropometric indices, fasting serum levels of HDL-c2 and HDL-c3, the HDL-c2/HDL-c3 ratio, and the gene expression of PPAR-α and Sirt1 were assessed at the start and end of the study. The sample size at completion was = 72 subjects. Our findings revealed that TB supplementation significantly increased HDL-c (0.34 ± 2.11 vs. -1.24 ± 3.09; = 0.041), HDL-c2 (0.95 ± 1.8 vs. -0.26 ± 1.30; < 0.001), the HDL-c2/HDL-c3 ratio (0.04 ± 0.45 vs. 0.01 ± 0.04; = 0.004), and the gene expression of PPAR-α (0.884 ± 0.195 vs. 0.332 ± 0.178; = 0.004) compared to the placebo. The results of the current study showed that TB supplementation led to an increase in serum levels of HDL-c2, the HDL-c2/HDL-c3 ratio, and the gene expression of PPAR-α in subjects with MetS. IRCT20091114002709N59.
多项研究报告了可可碱（TB）对代谢综合征（MetS）指标和心血管危险因素的有益作用。然而，研究结果存在争议。本研究旨在探讨在12周内摄入纯TB并结合低热量饮食对患有MetS的超重和肥胖成年人血清中HDL-c2、HDL-c3水平、HDL-c2/HDL-c3比值以及过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体α（PPAR-α）和沉默信息调节因子1（Sirt1）基因表达的影响。在这项随机临床试验中，80名患有MetS的参与者被随机分配，分别摄入450毫克/天的TB或安慰剂，并结合低热量饮食，为期12周。在研究开始和结束时评估饮食摄入量、人体测量指标、空腹血清中HDL-c2和HDL-c3水平、HDL-c2/HDL-c3比值以及PPAR-α和Sirt1的基因表达。完成时的样本量为72名受试者。我们的研究结果显示，与安慰剂相比，补充TB显著提高了HDL-c（0.34±2.11对-1.24±3.09；P=0.041）、HDL-c2（0.95±1.8对-0.26±1.30；P<0.001）、HDL-c2/HDL-c3比值（0.04±0.45对0.01±0.04；P=0.004）以及PPAR-α的基因表达（0.884±0.195对0.332±0.178；P=0.004）。本研究结果表明，补充TB可使患有MetS的受试者血清中HDL-c2水平、HDL-c2/HDL-c3比值以及PPAR-α的基因表达增加。IRCT20091114002709N59。
