Lewi Elias, Biggs Juliet, Ayele Atalay, Wright Tim, Pagli Carolina, Keir Derek, Ali Yechale, Assefa Genet, Wang Hua, La Rosa Alessandro, Way Lin, Mengistu Filagot, Loughlin Susan, Grandin Raphaël, Temtime Tesfaye, Birhanu Yelebe, Freymueller Jeffrey, Zheng Weiyu
Institute of Geophysics, Space Science and Astronomy, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
COMET, School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
Bull Volcanol. 2025;87(8):64. doi: 10.1007/s00445-025-01852-x. Epub 2025 Jul 14.
In continental rifts, tectonic deformation, magmatic processes, and earthquakes interact dynamically reflecting the crust's complex response to extensional stress and evolving subsurface and surface conditions. Recent seismotectonic activity in the Fentale-Dofen region of the Main Ethiopian Rift was driven by the intrusion of several dykes reaching up to ~ 50 km in length observed using satellite radar interferometry. Over 300 earthquakes with magnitude 4 or greater were reported by international seismic networks and the GNSS site at Addis Ababa moved ~ 20 mm to the west. These and other observations on the ground were used to create a highly simplified hazard map and 75,000 people were evacuated. Although no magmatic eruption occurred, the earthquakes triggered landslides and caused infrastructure damage, especially to buildings and roads. Here we provide a preliminary analysis of the patterns of earthquakes, ground deformation, and surface manifestations from 2024 to 2025, with a focus on the underlying mechanisms contributing to seismic sequences in the area and key unresolved scientific questions. We discuss how scientific evidence was used to inform decision-makers and examine the short- and long-term implications for critical infrastructure and nearby communities. Finally, we emphasize the importance of real-time monitoring, proactive risk management, and the need for continuous observation and improved early warning systems to reduce future seismic and volcanic risks.
在大陆裂谷中，构造变形、岩浆活动和地震相互动态作用，反映了地壳对拉张应力以及不断演变的地下和地表条件的复杂响应。利用卫星雷达干涉测量法观测到，在埃塞俄比亚主裂谷的芬塔莱 - 多芬地区，近期的地震构造活动是由几条长达约50公里的岩脉侵入驱动的。国际地震台网报告了300多次震级为4级或更高的地震，亚的斯亚贝巴的全球导航卫星系统站点向西移动了约20毫米。基于这些以及其他实地观测结果绘制了一张高度简化的灾害地图，并疏散了7.5万人。尽管没有发生岩浆喷发，但地震引发了山体滑坡并造成基础设施损坏，尤其是建筑物和道路。在此，我们对2024年至2025年期间的地震、地面变形和地表表现模式进行了初步分析，重点关注该地区地震序列的潜在机制以及关键的未解决科学问题。我们讨论了如何利用科学证据为决策者提供信息，并审视了对关键基础设施和附近社区的短期和长期影响。最后，我们强调了实时监测、主动风险管理的重要性，以及持续观测和改进早期预警系统以降低未来地震和火山风险的必要性。
