Miller P M, Surtees P G, Kreitman N B, Ingham J G, Sashidharan S P
J Nerv Ment Dis. 1985 Dec;173(12):707-16. doi: 10.1097/00005053-198512000-00001.
Eleven ways in which people might react to life stress were studied in a sample of 576 Edinburgh women. For each item the subjects were asked whether they had reacted that way in general in the past 6 months and whether they had reacted in that way in response to any specific life stresses they had experienced. Being angry with oneself, being angry with others, rumination, use of alcohol, and use of tobacco all discriminated between those who were well and those who were psychiatrically ill at first interview and these items were formed into a 6-point scale of maladaptive reaction, based largely on specific response. The researchers conducted a follow-up analysis of 306 women who were well at first interview, 35 of whom suffered a psychiatric illness episode (23 depression, 12 anxiety) within the subsequent year. Maladaptive reaction at interview one predicted later illness inception, even after taking life stress into account. Several extraneous variables were considered, none of which could explain this effect. Maladaptive reaction seemed sometimes to lead to illness even when there was only minimal later life stress. Attempts to find coping reactions which afford protection against illness inception were unsuccessful.
在对576名爱丁堡女性的样本研究中，探讨了人们应对生活压力的11种方式。对于每一项，研究对象被问及在过去6个月里她们总体上是否有过那样的反应，以及在应对她们所经历的任何特定生活压力时是否有过那样的反应。生自己的气、生别人的气、反复思考、饮酒和吸烟在首次访谈时都能区分出健康者和精神疾病患者，并且这些项目被组成了一个基于特定反应的6分制适应不良反应量表。研究人员对首次访谈时健康的306名女性进行了随访分析，其中35人在随后一年中经历了精神疾病发作（23例抑郁症，12例焦虑症）。即使在考虑了生活压力之后，首次访谈时的适应不良反应仍能预测后来疾病的发作。研究考虑了几个外部变量，但没有一个能够解释这种影响。即使后来生活压力极小，适应不良反应似乎有时也会导致疾病。寻找能够预防疾病发作的应对反应的尝试未获成功。
