Schulz-Stübner S, Herr C, Hinrichs A, Möckel M, Michels G, Chaberny I F
Deutsches Beratungszentrum für Hygiene (BZH GmbH), Schnewlinstr. 4, 79089, Freiburg im Breisgau, Deutschland.
Klinik für Anästhesiologie und Intensivmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Freiburg, Deutschland.
Unfallchirurgie (Heidelb). 2025 Sep;128(9):685-692. doi: 10.1007/s00113-025-01611-9. Epub 2025 Jul 17.
In the event of a disaster, compliance with basic hygiene measures is crucial. These measures are carried out regardless of the colonization or infection status of the patient in order to prevent the transmission of pathogens to other patients and personnel and to minimize the risk of a nosocomial distribution of (potential) infectious pathogens. This primarily includes hygienic hand disinfection and the use of special barrier precautions and personal protective equipement depending on the situation as well as safe injection and infusion techniques, proper processing of medical products and full vaccination protection of the personnel. When consistently applied basic hygiene measures also protect against the transmission of multidrug-resistant pathogens in undetected colonized patients and many viral infections. Due to a massive increase in demand (e.g., during the pandemic), disruptions in supply chains or breakdowns in facility-specific structures, prolonged shortages of materials that are important for implementing basic hygiene can occur. In these situations, substitution strategies are required, e.g., for the in-house production of hand and surface disinfectants, the handling of drinking water, alternative ways of processing medical products, wound care and the use of antibiotics.
在发生灾难时，遵守基本卫生措施至关重要。无论患者的定植或感染状况如何，都要实施这些措施，以防止病原体传播给其他患者和人员，并将（潜在）传染性病原体在医院内传播的风险降至最低。这主要包括卫生手消毒、根据情况使用特殊屏障预防措施和个人防护装备，以及安全注射和输液技术、医疗产品的正确处理和人员的全面疫苗接种保护。持续应用基本卫生措施还可防止多重耐药病原体在未被检测出的定植患者中传播以及预防许多病毒感染。由于需求大幅增加（例如在大流行期间）、供应链中断或特定设施结构故障，实施基本卫生所需的重要物资可能会长期短缺。在这些情况下，需要采取替代策略，例如内部生产手部和表面消毒剂、饮用水处理、医疗产品的替代加工方式、伤口护理以及抗生素的使用。
