Bilgir Başak Senian, Aydınoğlu Sema, Arslan İpek, Atak Mehtap, Köse Oğuz, Günaçar Dilara Nil
Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University, Rize, Turkey.
Specialist Pediatric Dentist, Sakarya, Turkey.
BMC Oral Health. 2025 Jul 17;25(1):1189. doi: 10.1186/s12903-025-06551-9.
Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) volume can be used to evaluate periodontal diseases, along with matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8) and transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) found in GCF. Conversely, matrix metalloproteinase-20 (MMP-20) is implicated in amelogenesis and serves as a potential biomarker for assessing enamel mineralization. In this context, the present study aims to investigate the effect of molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) on periodontal health and to evaluate the relationship between MIH and GCF volume, as well as GCF biomarkers such as MMP-8, MMP-20, and TGF-β1.
The study was conducted on a total of 40 pediatric patients diagnosed with MIH (Study Group/SG), and 40 pediatric patients healthy for MIH (Control Group/CG). Clinical periodontal measurements (plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), probing pocket depth (PPD), and GCF volume were performed. Concentrations of MMP-8, MMP-20, and TGF-β1 in GCF were determined using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Mann-Whitney U test and T-test were used for statistical comparisons between groups. Binary Logistic Regression Analysis was performed for independent risk factors affecting MIH status. Finally, the ROC curve was used to determine the optimal cut-off value for MMP-20.
PI, GI, PPD, and GCF volume values were significantly higher in the SG than in CG (p < 0.001, p = 0.007, p = 0.001, p = 0.007, respectively). According to binary logistic regression analysis, a one-unit decrease in MMP-20 level increased the risk of MIH four-fold (p < 0.001). However, no significant differences between the groups in terms of MMP-8 and TGF-β1 were observed (p = 0.564, p = 0.088, respectively). Finally, a significant area under the curve (AUC) value was found in determining MIH status for the MMP-20 variable (AUC = 0.948; p < 0.001).
Along with the increased tendency for gingivitis in MIH, detecting low concentrations of MMP-20, one of the biomarkers known to be effective in enamel mineralization, in the GCF of patients with MIH is the first information to record in the dental literature.
The trial protocol was retrospectively registered under ID NCT06764043 ( https://clinicaltrials.gov/ ); Jan 7, 2025.
龈沟液（GCF）量可用于评估牙周疾病，同时龈沟液中还存在基质金属蛋白酶-8（MMP-8）和转化生长因子-β1（TGF-β1）。相反，基质金属蛋白酶-20（MMP-20）与釉质形成有关，是评估牙釉质矿化的潜在生物标志物。在此背景下，本研究旨在探讨磨牙切牙矿化不全（MIH）对牙周健康的影响，并评估MIH与GCF量以及GCF生物标志物如MMP-8、MMP-20和TGF-β1之间的关系。
本研究共纳入40例被诊断为MIH的儿科患者（研究组/SG）和40例未患MIH的健康儿科患者（对照组/CG）。进行了临床牙周测量（菌斑指数（PI）、牙龈指数（GI）、探诊深度（PPD）和GCF量）。使用酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA）法测定龈沟液中MMP-8、MMP-20和TGF-β1的浓度。采用Mann-Whitney U检验和T检验进行组间统计学比较。对影响MIH状态的独立危险因素进行二元逻辑回归分析。最后，使用ROC曲线确定MMP-20的最佳截断值。
研究组的PI、GI、PPD和GCF量值显著高于对照组（分别为p < 0.001、p = 0.007、p = 0.001、p = 0.007）。根据二元逻辑回归分析，MMP-20水平每降低一个单位，MIH风险增加四倍（p < 0.001）。然而，两组在MMP-8和TGF-β1方面未观察到显著差异（分别为p = 0.564、p = 0.088）。最后，在确定MMP-20变量的MIH状态时发现了显著的曲线下面积（AUC）值（AUC = 0.948；p < 0.001）。
除了MIH患者患牙龈炎的倾向增加外，在MIH患者的龈沟液中检测到低浓度的MMP-20（一种已知对牙釉质矿化有效的生物标志物）是牙科文献中首次记录的信息。
试验方案于2025年1月7日在ID NCT06764043（https://clinicaltrials.gov/）下进行回顾性注册。
