Sengupta Sourabh, Prabha Haritha, Levy Daniel L
Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States.
Department of Molecular Biology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, United States.
Front Cell Dev Biol. 2025 Jul 3;13:1634252. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2025.1634252. eCollection 2025.
Nuclear morphology is a defining cellular feature, differing based on cell type, tissue type, and species. In healthy cells, nuclear morphology is generally tightly regulated and maintained; however, dynamic changes in nuclear morphology are observed under certain conditions, for instance in early embryos and in some immune cells. Deviations in normal nuclear morphology are linked to numerous diseases, including most cancers and premature aging syndromes. Many regulators of nuclear morphology have been identified, encompassing both intranuclear, cytoplasmic, and extracellular factors. Of note, recent studies have converged on chromatin and chromatin-associated proteins as key determinants of nuclear morphology and dynamics. In this review we discuss how the chromatin landscape regulates nuclear morphology in both normal and diseased cellular states. Additionally, we highlight emerging technologies that promise to bridge critical gaps in our understanding of nuclear morphology, including new approaches to probe nuclear structure and the use of synthetic cells.
核形态是一种具有决定性的细胞特征，因细胞类型、组织类型和物种而异。在健康细胞中，核形态通常受到严格调控并得以维持；然而，在某些情况下，如早期胚胎和一些免疫细胞中，会观察到核形态的动态变化。正常核形态的偏差与多种疾病相关，包括大多数癌症和早衰综合征。许多核形态调节因子已被确定，包括核内、细胞质和细胞外因子。值得注意的是，最近的研究都聚焦于染色质和与染色质相关的蛋白质，认为它们是核形态和动态变化的关键决定因素。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了染色质格局如何在正常和患病细胞状态下调节核形态。此外，我们强调了一些新兴技术，这些技术有望填补我们在核形态理解上的关键空白，包括探测核结构的新方法和合成细胞的应用。
