Hou Caixia, Zhang Nan, Liu Chao, Gao Weijun
Qingdao Central Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, China.
Faculty of Environmental Engineering, The University of Kitakyushu, Kitakyushu, Japan.
Front Public Health. 2025 Jul 3;13:1543044. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2025.1543044. eCollection 2025.
Childhood cardiovascular disease (CCVD) is a significant global health threat, with early risk factor accumulation potentially exerting profound impacts on cardiovascular health in adulthood. However, global data analyses on the burden of CCVD remain limited, particularly regarding variations across socio-demographic index (SDI) levels and effects of major risk factors.
This study aimed to investigate worldwide patterns in the incidence and mortality of CCVD between 1990 and 2021 and examine how these trends vary by SDI, gender, age, and major environmental risk factors.
This study analyzed the incidence, mortality, and estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) of CCVD in children aged 0 to 14 years during 1990-2021. Descriptive statistics, group comparisons, and correlation analyses were employed to evaluate the impact of SDI, gender, age, and environmental risks on the disease burden.
The global CCVD incidence rose from 1,486,136.37 cases (95% UI: 1,115,077.02-1,959,529.28) in 1990 to 1,861,693.20 cases (95% UI: 1,335,751.17-2,531,859.51) in 2021, an increase of approximately 25.27%, with an EAPC of 0.43 (95% UI: 0.35-0.51). Incidence rates increased continuously in low and low-middle SDI regions, whereas they showed a marked decline in regions with high and high-middle SDI levels. CCVD mortality decreased markedly in high-SDI regions but remained persistently high in low SDI regions. Gender and age analyses revealed higher incidence and mortality rates among female children compared to males, with the 10-14 age group being the most affected. Low temperatures were identified as a primary driver of CCVD burden, particularly in low-SDI regions.
The global CCVD burden exhibits significant inequalities, largely driven by disparities in public health resource levels across regions with varying SDI. These findings highlight persistent global health inequalities and underscore the need for region-specific interventions, especially in low-SDI regions where the CCVD burden is rising.
儿童心血管疾病（CCVD）是对全球健康的重大威胁，早期危险因素的积累可能对成年后的心血管健康产生深远影响。然而，关于CCVD负担的全球数据分析仍然有限，特别是在社会人口指数（SDI）水平差异以及主要危险因素的影响方面。
本研究旨在调查1990年至2021年间全球CCVD的发病率和死亡率模式，并研究这些趋势如何因SDI、性别、年龄和主要环境危险因素而异。
本研究分析了1990 - 2021年间0至14岁儿童CCVD的发病率、死亡率和估计年百分比变化（EAPC）。采用描述性统计、组间比较和相关性分析来评估SDI、性别、年龄和环境风险对疾病负担的影响。
全球CCVD发病率从1990年的1486136.37例（95% UI：1115077.02 - 1959529.28）上升至2021年的1861693.20例（95% UI：1335751.17 - 2531859.51），增长了约25.27%，EAPC为0.43（95% UI：0.35 - 0.51）。在低SDI和低中SDI地区，发病率持续上升，而在高SDI和高中SDI地区则显著下降。CCVD死亡率在高SDI地区显著下降，但在低SDI地区持续居高不下。性别和年龄分析显示，女童的发病率和死亡率高于男童，10 - 14岁年龄组受影响最大。低温被确定为CCVD负担的主要驱动因素，特别是在低SDI地区。
全球CCVD负担存在显著不平等，主要由不同SDI地区公共卫生资源水平的差异所致。这些发现凸显了持续存在的全球健康不平等，并强调了针对特定地区进行干预的必要性，特别是在CCVD负担不断上升的低SDI地区。
